Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/116

 from the ground-form qaṭl, when combined with singular suffixes, e.g., for ṣadqî.

(b) In a loosely-closed syllable, i.e. one followed by an aspirated Begadkephath, as, for , and so commonly in the ''st. constr. plur. of segholates from the ground-form qaṭl, e.g. from  (ground-form bagd) a garment''. In most cases of this kind the attenuation is easily intelligible from the nature of the surrounding consonants. It is evident from a comparison of the dialects, that the attenuation was consistently carried out in a very large number of noun and verb-forms in Hebrew, as will be shown in the proper places.

4. arises, in addition to the cases mentioned in o and p, also from the weakening of ā of the final syllable in the isolated cases ( for ) in  (? see ),  (?),,  (see ); for examples of Locative forms in  see  end.

5. Among the Ḥaṭaeph-sounds is shorter and lighter than, and consequently the vowel group  is shorter than ; e.g. , but  (Edomite), shortened at the beginning because the tone is thrown forward;  (ʾemèth) truth, ; , pl. ;  but ; but also conversely  fem. cf. , 3.

6. To the chapter on vowel changes belongs lastly the dissimilation of vowels, i.e. the change of one vowel into another entirely heterogeneous, in order to prevent two similar, or closely related vowels, from following one another in the same word. Hence for lû lô (unless). Cf. also from ;  from ;  from ;  from ;  from stem ; most probably also, , for , , see , note.—On the proper names  and , which were formerly explained in the same way, see now Prätorius,  1905, p. 341 f.

1. According to a half-syllable, i.e. a consonant with Šewâ mobile (always weakened from a short vowel), can only occur in close dependence on a full syllable. If another half-syllable with simple Šewâ follows, the first takes a full short vowel again. This vowel is almost always. In most cases it is probably an attenuation of an original ă, and never a mere helping vowel. In some instances analogy may have led to the choice of the ĭ. Thus, according to, the prefixes , , before a consonant with  become , , , e.g. , , ; before  they are pointed as in  (from bi-yehedûā, according to ); so too with , e.g.  for  attenuated from. The first half-