Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/102

 final it necessarily takes Mappîq), but e.g., &c., since here the rapidly uttered ă is no longer heard.

Iach for ich, &c., in some Swiss dialects of German, is analogous; a furtive Pathaḥ is here involuntarily intruded before the deep guttural sound. In Arabic the same may be heard in such words as mesîaḥ, although it is not expressed in writing. The LXX (and Jerome, cf. iv. 79) write, sometimes , instead of furtive Pathaḥ, e.g.  ,   (also ).

Rem. 1. The guttural may also have an influence upon the following vowel, especially in Segholate forms, e.g. (not naʿĕr) a youth,  (not pōʿĕl) deed. The only exceptions are, , ,.

2. Where in the present form of the language an ĭ, whether original or attenuated from, would stand before or after a guttural in the first syllable of a word, a as being between ă and ĭ is frequently used instead, e.g.  (also ), , , , , &c.

On the other hand, the slighter and sharper is retained even under gutturals when the following consonant is sharpened by, e.g. , , ; but when this sharpening is removed, Seghôl is again apt to appear, e.g.  constr. , constr. .

3. Instead of simple Šewâ mobile, the gutturals take without exception a compound, e.g. , , , , &c.

4. When a guttural with happens to close a syllable in the middle of a word, the strongly closed syllable (with ) may remain; necessarily so with, , and  at the end of the tone-syllable, e.g. , , but also before the tone (see examples under i), even with.

But in the syllable before the tone and further back, the closed syllable is generally opened artificially by a (as being suited to the guttural) taking the place of the, and in particular that  which repeats the sound of the preceding vowel, e.g.  (also );  (also );  pŏolô (for pŏʿlô). But when, owing to a flexional change, the strong vowel following the is weakened into, then instead of the  its fall vowel is written, e.g.  (from ), ,  (from ). The original forms, according to, were yaʿmedhû, neʿremû, pŏʿlekhā. Hence, &c., are really only different orthographic forms of , &c., and would be better transcribed by yaʿamedhû, &c.

Rem. 1. On the use of simple or compound Šewâ in guttural verbs, see further §§ 62–65.

2. Respecting the choice between the three, it may be remarked:

(a), , at the beginning of a syllable prefer , but  prefers , e.g. , , ; when farther from the tone syllable, however, the  even under  changes into the lighter , e.g.  (poetic for ) to, but , , but  (ʾakhŏl, toneless on account