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 have greater governmental and administrative significance than in New England, and (2) the local inhabitants do not always perceive the MCD as constituting a single community. An illustration of the somewhat weaker community identification of MCDs in the Middle Atlantic States is the large number of separately incorporated places (nearly 2,000) and CDPs (about 800) in these three States. Although some of these separate incorporated places have the same name as their parent MCD, the majority bear the names of other communities. For example, of the approximately 1,000 incorporated places in Pennsylvania, only about 200 have a name related to their parent MCD and, in some of these situations, it is the parent MCD that was named after the place.

New York has two other types of census subcounty reporting units. All Federally and State-recognized American Indian reservations outside the boundaries of cities are separate from any town, and the Census Bureau reports data for these lands as MCD equivalents. Also, the Census Bureau treats the five boroughs that constitute New York city as MCD equivalents. Pennsylvania contains one road district—East Fork district in Potter County—that also is an actively functioning government.

In New Jersey and Pennsylvania, all incorporated places are independent of townships and form primary subdivisions of their counties. These incorporated places are the cities, towns, and boroughs found in both States, along with the villages in New Jersey. The relationship between incorporated places and MCDs in New York is slightly different—all incorporated cities are independent of any MCD, but all incorporated villages are dependent on the towns in which they are located. A major exception is the city of New York, which consists of five nonfunctioning MCD-level boroughs, one borough for each county that makes up the city. Elsewhere in the State, five villages each are coextensive with a single town (see ). In three of these villages (East Rochester, Mount Kisco, and Scarsdale), the residents elect a single set of government officials to perform the functions of both the town and the village. 8-22County Subdivisions