Page:General History of Europe 1921.djvu/923

 Index xxxin Revolutionary Tribunal, 446 Revolutions of 1848, 499 ff. Rheims (rems), 617, 645; cathedral of, 262, 285, 629 Rhine, left bank of, ceded to France, 455; Confederation of the, 461, 472, 477 ; districts of, ceded to Prussia, 477 Rhodes, Cecil, 547 Rhodes taken by Italy, 608 Rhodesia, 549 Richard I, 233 f., 241 Richelieu (resh lye), 337, 345, 366 Robespierre (ro bes pyer'), 447 Rollo, Duke of the Normans, 228 Roman army, 124, 129, 133, 146, 153 f., 158, 172, 174 f.; army of the allies, 127 Roman art and architecture, I39ff., 155, i58f., 161, i63ff., 208 Roman Catholic Church. See Church Roman citizenship, extension of, 123, 172 Roman civilization, Greek influence on, 120, 128, 143, 161 ff.; wealth in, 139, 142, 167; collapse of, 1740.; influence of, 179 Roman colonization, agricultural, 123, 127, 159 Roman commerce, 128, 139 Roman education, 140 f., 162 Roman Empire, origin and govern- ment of, 143, 154, 159; decline of, 170 ff.; division of, 177 ff.; fall of, in the West, 1 83 ; continuity of, 207. See Charlemagne, Holy Roman Empire, Julius Caesar, Octavian Roman law, 122, 160, 186, 421 Roman literature, 167, 174, 200 Roman provinces, 135, 138, 147, 159, 162, 176 Roman religion, 168 Roman Republic overthrown, 145, i47ff., 152 Roman sea power, i3of., 149, 161 Roman society, 139 ff., 167, 171 f., 176 Roman State, i2off., 138, 141, 149, 152, 157, 158, i6of., 169, 174, 177 Roman wars, I23ff., I3off., 137, 176; evil results of, 142 Romance languages, 265 Romanesque architecture, 259 Romanoffs, 634 Rome, early, 118; captured by the Gauls, 124; rebuilt by Augustus, 154; in the time of Hadrian, 159; captured by Alaric, 182 ; capital of the Church, 218 ; in the eighteenth century, 404 ; " King of," 468 ; re- volt of (1848), 503 ; retained as the papal capital, 510; annexed to the kingdom of Italy, 518 f. Rom'u lus and Re'mus, 141 Roosevelt, President, 579 Rossbach (ros'baK), 381 " Rotten boroughs," 533 Rouen (ro on'), 228, 285 Roumania. See Rumania Roundheads, 356, 531 Rousseau (ro so'), Jean Jacques, 413 f. Royal Academy, 349 Ru'bi con, 148 Rubinstein, composer, 551 Ru ma'ni a, 1 59, 606 ; invaded by Germans, 627, 638; ambitions of, 636 Rumanians in Hungary, 387, 609 Runnymede (run'i nied), 235 Rurik (ro'rik), 375 Russia, beginnings of, 374 f., 551 f. ; Baltic provinces of, 378; in the Seven Years' War, 381 ; acquires large part of Poland, 384 f. ; rela- tions of, with France, 453 f., 459 f., 462, 465, 468 f., 471 f. ; art and sci- ence in, 551 ; absolutism of, 552 f. ; the Near-Eastern question, 553 ff., 606, 609 ; the Russo-Turkish War, 559 f.; industry in, 561 f.; railroads in, 562, 597 ; revolution under Nich- olas II, 562 f. ; relations with Japan and China, 564, 577 f. ; " Red Sun- day" (1905), 565 ; establishment of parliament in, 566 ; sale of Alaska, 585 ; Germany declares war on (1914), 613 ; on the Eastern Front, 620; revolution (1917), 634; So- cialists control the government, 635 f.; the Bolshevik revolution and tyranny in, 635, 659 f.; Ger- man influence in, 636, 646; dis- memberment of the empire after the Peace of Brest-Litovsk, 636, 647, 655. See Greece, Poland, Tsars, Turkey, World War Russian language and culture, 551 Russian revolution (1917), 551, 633 ff. Russians, 375; in Lithuania, 382 Russo-Japanese War, 579 Russo-Turkish War (1877), 559 f. Ruthenians, 609