Page:General History of Europe 1921.djvu/922

 XXX11 General History of Europe Pottery, earliest, 6, 18 f. Poverty, war of English government against, 536. See Social legislation Power, water, 490; steam, 491 ; gas and electricity, 493 Praetor (pre'tor), 122 Prague, 503 Praise of Folly, by Erasmus, 309 Prax it'e les, 93 Prayer, English Book of Common, 339 Prehistoric Period, 9 Preparedness, cost of, 639 f. Presbyterian Church, 321 ; established in Scotland, 339 Presbyters, 179 Pressburg, Treaty of, 460 Pretenders, 364 n. Priests, parish, 436 f., 438, 457 Prime minister, 415 f., 532 " Prince Charlie," 364 n. Prince of Wales, 279 Princeps, 153 Principles of Geology, by Lyell, 590 Printing, invention of, 275, 277 Privileged classes, 405 ff., 421 f., 455 Progress, new idea of, 410 Prophets, the Hebrew, 43 Protectorates, 540, 549, 585, 661 f. Prot'es tant, origin of the term, 316 Protestant revolt, forerunner of, 285 ; in Germany, 316; in England, 322 ff. Protestantism, first orderly statement of, 321; in France, 321, 335; spread of, 343 ; sects of, 354, 409 Protestants, 484, 538 f. Proven9al (pro van sal'), 266 f. Provence (pro vans'), 287 Prussia, origin of modern kingdom of, 378 ff. ; encroachments upon Austria, 380; in Seven Years' War, 380 ff.'; question of West, 382 ; takes a large share of Poland, 384 ; relations with France, 441, 451, 462, 47 if.; in the reconstruction by Napoleon, 454 f. ; laws of, 458; social conditions before 1806, 469 f.; militarism of, 470 f. ; acquisitions (1815), 477 f.; ascendancy of, 480 f.; National Assembly at Frankfurt and proposed German constitution, 503 ; Frederick William IV refuses to become emperor, 505, 512 ; pro- gram of William I and Bismarck, 512 f. ; defeat and expulsion of Austria from the German Confed- eration, 5141.; North German Fed- eration, 515; Franco-Prussian War and acquisition of Alsace-Lorraine, 517; ambition of William II, 602; abdication of emperor, 649 ; repub- lic of, 649. See Militarism, Poland, World War Ptolemies (tol'emiz), 106, 152 Punic wars, 129 fi. Punjab', 541 Puritans, 354, 391 Pyramid Age, the, 14 ff. ; life and art in, 19 f. Pyramids, 14, 16; battle of the, 453 Pyrrhus (pir'us), 125 Py thag'o ras, 8 1 Quaestors (kwes'torz), 122 Quakers. See Friends Quebec, 391, 395, 543 Queen Anne's War, 372 Queensland, 545 Railways, 562, 570 ff., 576, 578, 581 Raphael, 295 Rajven'na, 186 Raymond, Count, 239 Reason, worship of, 446 Reform, spirit of, 350; of Joseph II, 41 4 f.; in England, 416, 534^; in France, 419, 429 f., 438, 456 f., 465, 479 ; in Spain, 466 ; in Prussia, 480, 505 ; in China, 578 ; in Turkey, 607. See Science Reichstag (rms'tan), 523 Reign of Terror, 419, 438, 446 Religious orders, military, 240 Renaissance (re na sons'), cities of the, 289 ff. ; art of the, 294 ff. Reparations Commissions, Interna- tional, 655 Republic, Dutch, 333, 476; of United States, 399; First French, 442; Cisalpine, 451, 456 ; Batavian, 456 ; Second French, 500 ; Italian, of St. Mark, 503; Third French, 527 f.; Latin- American, 586 f.; Czecho- slovakian, 648 ; Hungarian, 648 ; German, 649 ; Prussian, 649 ; Irish (Sinn Fein), 663 Republic, The, by Plato, 99 Restoration in England, 360 f. Revolution of 1688, 361 f. Revolutionary tendencies in the smaller nations (1820), 482 ff.