Page:General History of Europe 1921.djvu/921

 Index xxxi 510; Prussian, 513; French, 528 n. ; Irish, abolition of, 539 ; Australian, 545 f.; Russian, 566; Japanese,576; Chinese, 578. See Commons, Lords Parma, 482, 509 Parnell, 538 Par'the non, 84 Par'thi ans, 159, 173, 175 Pasteur (paster'), chemist, 595 Patricians, 121 Paul of Tarsus, 168 Pavia (pave'a), 206 Peace, movements for, 602 f., 630, 635 ; of Brest- Litovsk, 636 ; of Versailles, 652, 658 ff. See League of Nations Peasants, revolt of, in England, 284 ; in Germany, 315 Peerage, English, 406 ; French, 479 Pel 6 pon ne'si an wars, 86 Peloponnesus, 55 Peninsular War, 466 f. Pennsylvania, 391 Penny post, 572 Per'i cles, 77, 86 Per i pa tet'ic School of Aristotle, 113 Perry, Commodore, 576 Persecutions, 256, 303, 323, 326, 334f., 341 Pershing, General, 644 Persia, empire of, 35 ff., 104 ; wars of, 37 f. ; civilization of, 40 ; invasions of Europe by, 70 ff. ; rise of new, 175; crushed by Moslems, 193; under British influence, 661 Perspective, discovery of, 95 Peru, 485 Pesth (pest), 515 Peter, St., regarded as the first bishop of Rome, 195 f. Peter the Great, 376 f. Peter the Hermit, 238 Peterborough, 249 Petition of Right, 353, 362 Petrarch, 272 Petrograd (pye tro grat'), 378 n. Pharaoh (fa'ro), 20, 22 Phar sa'lus, 149 Phid'i as, 84, 94 Philip Augustus of France, 233, 242 Philip of Macedon, 101, 124 Philip II of Spain, 326, 331 f., 340 ff. Philip V of Spain, 371 f. Phil ip'pi, 151 Philippics, 1 01 Philippine Islands, 585, 644 Philistines (fi lis'tinz), 56 Phoenicia (fe nish'a), 17, 104 Phoenicians, 26, 40, 57 Piave, battle of the, 648 Piedmont, 456, 503, 505, 509 Pilgrim Fathers, 355 Pill'nitz, Declaration of, 439 Pin'dar, 102 Pippin, 204 f. Pi rae'us, 77, 89 Pirates, 257, 299 Pisa, 289 Pi sis'tra tus, 68 Pitt, the younger, 418 Pizarro, 299, 303 Plantagenets (plan taj'e netz), 232 f., 283 Plassey (plas'e), 394 Pla tae'a, 74 Plato, 97 f. ; the ideal state described by, 99 Plautus, 140 Plebs, 121 Plin'y, 167 Plutarch's Lives, 167 Poland, 206; weakness of, 382; par- titions of, 384 f., 443 ; Prussian share of, taken by Napoleon, 462 ; kingdom of, 477 ; rebellion of, 552 f. ; in the World War, 620, 636, 638 ; war with Russia (1919), 660 Poles, 374, 384 f., 387 Political parties, in England, 354, 41 5 f., 531, 533, 536 f.; in France, 444 f., 499 f., 528 n. ; in Germany, 481, 513, 515, 524; in Italy, 520; in Ireland, 536, 539; in Russia, 552, 563 f. ; in Turkey, 607 Pomerania, 382 Pompeii (pom pa'ye), 166 Pompey (pom'pi), 147 f. Pondicherry (pon di sher'i), 394 Pope, the temporal power of, 195 ; origin of title of, 197 ; election of, 218; claims of, 219, 234; position of, 223 ff., 308 f., 457, 5 J Port Arthur, siege of, 579 Portcullis, 210 Porte, the, 554 Porto Rico, 585 Ports'mouth, Treaty of, 579 Portugal, 302, 390, 400, 466, 484, 584 n. Portuguese discoveries, 297 Portuguese language, 265 Postal systems, earliest, 161