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 Bibliography v more extensive are the extracts given in HAYES, C. H., An Introduction to the Sources relating to the Germanic Invasions, 1909 (Columbia University Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law, Vol. XXXIII, No. 3). See also THATCHER and McNEAL, A Source Book for Mediaeval History. Constant use should be made of good historical atlases. By far the best and most convenient for the high school is SHEPHERD, WM. R., Historical Atlas, 1911 (see maps 43, 45, 48, 50-52). Dow, EARL E., Atlas of European History, 1907, also furnishes clear maps of the chief changes. An admirable syllabus, guide, and exhaustive bibliography for the study of the Middle Ages may be found in PAETOW, A Guide to the Study of Mediaval History, 1917. Rise of the Papacy ; the Monks. THORNDIKE, History of Mediasval Europe, chap, vi, ix-x. FLICK, The Rise of the Mediaeval Church. WALKER, The History of the Christian Church. Church histories are usually written by either Catho- lics or Protestants, who naturally differ in their interpretation of events. One may refer to FISHER, History of the Christian Church (Protestant), or ALZOG, Manual of Universal Church History (Catholic). MlLMAN, History of Latin Christianity. Cambridge Mediaval History, Vol. I, chaps, iv, vi. NEWMAN, Manual of Church History, Vol. I (Protestant). WORKMAN, Evolution of the Monastic Ideal. TAYLOR, HENRY O., Classical Heritage of the Middle Ages, admirable chapter on Monasticism. HARNACK, Monasticism. Cambridge Mediaval History, Vol. II, chap. xvi. Source Material. ROBINSON, Readings, Vol. I, pp. 14-27, and chaps, iv- v. Much fuller, AYER, J. C., A Source Book of Ancient Church History and Life of St. Columban in Translations and Reprints, University of Pennsylvania, Vol. II, No. 7. The chief portions of the Benedictine Rule in HENDERSON, E. F., Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages, and in THATCHER and McNEAL, A Source Book for Mediceval History. Translation by BREHAUT of GREGORY OF TOURS, History of the Franks. See map, pp. 46-47, in SHEPHERD, Historical Atlas, showing spread of Christianity in Europe. Mohammed and his Followers. For Mohammed and the Saracens, see THATCHER and SCHWILL, Europe in the Middle Age, chap. xv. OILMAN, The Saracens. GIBBON has a famous chapter on Mohammed and another on the conquests of the Arabs. These are the fiftieth and fifty-first of his great work. Cambridge Medieval Histoiy, Vol. II, chaps, x-xii. MuiR, Life of Mohammed. AMEER ALI, The Life and Teachings of Mohammed, a Short History of the Saracens, by one who sympathizes with them. It is not hard to find a copy of one of the English translations of the Koran. See brief extracts in ROBINSON, Readings, and in OGG, Source Book of Mediaeval History, pp. 97 ff. STANLEY LANE-POOLE, Speeches and Table Talk of Mohammed, is very interesting. Charlemagne and the Age of Disorder. EMERTON, Introduction to the Mid- dle Ages, chaps, xii-xv. THORNDIKE, History of Medieval Europe, chaps, xi-xiv.