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 458 General History oj Europe public offices. In April, 1802, a general amnesty was granted, and no less than forty thousand families returned to France. 803. Old Habits Resumed. There was a gradual reaction from the fantastic innovations of the Reign of Terror. The old titles of address, "Monsieur" and " Madame," were again used instead of the revolutionary "Citizen." Streets which had been rebaptized with republican names resumed their former ones. Old titles of nobility were revived, and something very like a royal court began to develop at the Palace of the Tuileries ; for, ex- cept in name, Bonaparte was already a king, and his wife, Josephine, a queen. 804. The Code Napoleon. The heterogeneous laws of the old regime had been much modified by the legislation of the successive assemblies. All this needed a final revision, and Bonaparte ap- pointed a commission to undertake this great task. Their draft of the new code was discussed in -the Council of State, and the First Consul had many suggestions to make. The resulting codi- fication of the civil law the Code Napoleon is still used today, not only in France but also, with some modifications, in Rhenish Prussia, Bavaria, Baden, Holland, Belgium, Italy, and even in the state of Louisiana. 805. Bonaparte becomes Emperor Napoleon I. In May, 1804, Bonaparte was given the title of "Emperor," and in Decem- ber he was crowned, as the successor of Charlemagne, with great pomp in the cathedral of Notre Dame. He at once proceeded to establish a new nobility to take the place of that abolished by the first National Assembly in 1790. IV. How NAPOLEON DESTROYED THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE 806. Napoleon aspires to be Ruler of Europe. A great ma- jority of the French undoubtedly longed for peace, but Napoleon's position made war a personal advantage for him in increasing his power. No one saw this more clearly than he. "I shall put up with peace," he said to his advisers in 1802, "as long as our