Page:Gazetteer of the province of Oudh ... (IA cu31924073057352).pdf/85

 PAR 77 CHAPTER II.* AGRICULTURE AND COMMERCE. Vegetable products - Cultivation and produce, fibres, indigo and cotton, pán gardes- Tál and joil produce.- Harvest Rolation of crops-- Agricultural impleme: 19- Enemies of produce Agricultural operations-Irrigation --Menure-Cattle, aheep, and goats - Reot Distribution of land - Agricultural labour - Village establishment Statement of prices-Fish-Bazars and marls-Fairs, bathing places, and shrines-Maou. factures-Trade and traffic - Ferries, roads, and bridges. Vegetable products. Under this head will be noticed more or less briefly the ordinary cereals, millets, pulses, and oil-seeds. The only dyes which are cultivated, with the exception of the Harsinghár referred to in the last chapter, are the kusam (Carthamus tinctorius), which is sown with the spring crops; haldi or turmeric (Curcuma longa), chiefly grown by Muráos amongst other garden stuffs; and indigo (Indigofera tinctoria), sugarcane, poppy, tobacco, cotton, and the fibres; sanai (Orotalaria jun- cia) and patwa (Hibiscus cannabinus) complete the list of the crops ordinarily cultiv ed in this district. Wheat.—The white and the red wheat are both grown in these parts. There are two species of the former--the spike-eared and the awuless. These both go by the name of "daudi,”+ while the red wheat is called “ lalae." If there be any actual difference between these species in this country, it appears to be but little appreciated by the native busbandman, the selling price being uniform for all three. I have always regarded the white wheat as finer and heavier grain than the red. Cultivation and produce.- Wheat requires ample irrigation, and in this district the fields are flooded at least three times during the cold season. In good goind lands, or lands within a certain distance of the village site, luxuriant crops of wheat may generally be seen; thus showing that it thrives best in a well manured and rich soil. The seed is almost invariably sown in drills. In the subjoined table the irrigated lands are shown under two beads-viz., manured and unmanured; while the unirrigated lands refer chiefly to those low and moist khádir lands on the borders of rivers and rain-streams, where, from the coustant supply of latent moisture, the soil never stands in need of irrigation Irrigated land. Unirrigated land. Manured. Unmanured. M. C. M. 3. C. M. 8. C. Average produce per acre of wbeat 17 2 0 12 10 0 18 34 0 This chapter is taken with a few alterations and additions from the Partabgarh settlement report, † Probably after the gúl-e-daudi, the cummon camomile flower,