Page:Gazetteer of the province of Oudh ... (IA cu31924073057352).pdf/302

 294 SAN by the planter, or his descendants, though they hold no written lease or deed of gift, aud have neither law nor court of justice to secure it to them. Groves and solitary mango, semul, tamarind, mhowa, and other trees, whose leaves and branches are not required for the food of elephants and camels, are more secure in Oude than in our own territories, and the country is, in consequence, much better provided with them. While they give beauty to the landscape they alleviate the effects of droughts to the poorer classes from the fruit they supply; and droughts are less frequently and less severely felt in a country so intersected by fine streams, flowing from the tarae forest or down from the perpetual snows of neighbour- ing hills; and keeping the water always near the surface, these trees tend also to render the air healthy by given out oxygen in large quantities during the day and absorbing carbonic acid. The taluqdari tenure obtains in 301, villages, 611 are zamindari, and 49 imperfect pattidari. gas.' The Goveroment demand, excluding cesses is Rs. 1,27,218 rise of 23-13 per cent. over the summary assessment. It falls at Re. 1-14-7 on the cultivated acre; 1-2-10 per acre of total area; 11-10-7 per plough ; Rs. 2-9-4 per head of agricultural and 1-13-2 per head of total popu- lation, The incidence of population is 415 to the square mile. The leading statistics are-- Total 69,751 ; Hindus to Muhammadang 64,252 to 5,499; males to females 37,734 to 32,017, agriculturists to non-agriculturists 49,289 to. 20,462. Brahmans (8,756) and Ahírs (8,240) head the list. Then come Kisáns and Chamárs, Chhattris (5,984) and Muráos (4,863). There is an aided school at Sándi and village schools have been esta- blished at Palia and Chamarsár. The opium department has a weighing: station at Sándi. The Aín-i-Akbari contains the following mention of the pargana :- Cultivated area, 2,11,814 bighas. Revenue, mál, 31,55,339 dáms. Sáyar gual 1,95,108 Zamindars, Sombansi. Garrison, 20 sawars and 2,000 foot soldiers. The chief products are wheat, barley, bájra, gram, juára, arhar and paddy. At survey wheat covered a third of the cultivated area; barley between a fifth and fourth ; bájra and gram together a fourth. The areas under sugarcane, cotton, tobacco, indigo, and poppy were respectively only 353, 18,979, 50, and 1 acres. The climate of Sándi itself is considered very good, but the wells are brackish.