Page:Gazetteer of the province of Oudh ... (IA cu31924073057352).pdf/137

 mans. PAR 129 issue of the prohibition against stacking manure within the inhabited in- closures, it is usual to collect it in a grove, or other convenient waste spot. Not unfrequently cultivators dig a large hole in a corner of a field, and throw into it all the manure and refuse matter they can get hold of. There are no common manure beaps. Each zamindar and each cultiva- tor possesses his own, quite apart from the others. Shankalp. -The religious tenure known as “shankalp" largely pre- vails in this district. Grants of shankalp vary in extent from one or two bighas to entire estates of several villages, and are confined to Brah- As a rule some consideration was always given. The grantee either gave a large entertainment, or an elephant, camel, horse, or other valuable article such as a shawl; less frequently a present of money or jewels. In very rare instances was the value given a purely nominal one. Birt, which is a tenure in some respects analogous to shankalp, finds no existence in this district. Not a single suit founded on a birt holding has come before the courts. Dár.—There is bowever a tenure in Patti, and strictly confined to that pargana which goes by the name of " dár." It is similar to the kind of birt known as " bai birt," or purchased birt; dár, as existing in this district, represents a purchased interest in a patch of land or chak, and is obtain- able by all classes. It is never found to extend to entire villages. The real and primary meaning of the word dár is obscure. It is said to be a corruption of zamindari. There are 403 acres at present held under this tenure. The following table of the tenures in the Partabgarh district is roughly correct, assuming that column 15 does not include the owners of sír: 17