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 102 PAR Bathing places and shrines.--The only bathing places of any note are the masonry gháts of Mánikpur and Shaháb-ud-dinabad, The two towns being contiguous form in reality but one rendezvous. Twice in the year there is a large concourse of people at this spot for the purpose of bathing in the Ganges. In July is the first occasion, when the four months' fasts for the deities Jwala Mukhi and Sítla* are brought to a termination with bathing ceremonies and great rejoicings. The second occasion occurs early in November, or at the end of October, when the multitudes meet to do honour to the goddess Ganga herself. This is the larger gathering of the two. Manufactures.—With the exception of the manufacture of crystalized sugår at Partabgarh, and of glass at Sawansa, and one or two other places in the pargana of Patti, there are no local manufactures worthy of the name. The sugar manufactured at Partabgarh is of excellent quality, and is not to be found anywhere else. The process is a peculiar though by no means a difficult one. When completed, the sugar is turned out into thin flat circular shapes of about 15 inches in diameter. It finds a ready sale amongst the taluqdars and wealthier classes. The glass foundry at Sawánsa is on a comparatively large scale, and supplies most of the neighbouring fairs and markets with beads, bracelets; and other female ornaments, to say nothing of Ganges water phials and cheap articles of ordinary requirements. Trade and traffic.-- From the most recent trade returns it would appear that the total value of the exports nearly quadruples that of the imports, but I have reason to doubt the accuracy of the valuation of some of the items of the former, and consequently prefer to regard the propor- tion as in all probability nearer three to one. Partabgarh is an extensive grain exporting district, and may be said to be, to a great extent, the granary of the adjacent districts of the North-Western Provinces. Of wheat and barley alone upwards of 200,000 maunds are stated to have left the district during the last year; while of the less valuable food grains also a very considerable exportation has taken place. This should repré- sent large money returns to zamindars and small farmers; but I have reason to believe that it is almost entirely the banián and village banker who fatton on this trade. The former classes are, as a rule, too deep in the books of the latter to reap any direct advantage. Nevertheless, we have the fact of an infux of money and consequent increase of pri- vate capital, which, in whomsoever's hands, subserves no doubt the pros- perity of the district, and tends to the ultimate benefit of the population. The exports of edible grains in 1872 are reported at 349,000 maunds, value Rs. 7,90,000; the other exports, such as oil-seeds, sugar, tobacco, and country cloth, make up the total value of exports to Rs. 9,77,000, the imports were valued at Rs. 4,08,000, of which cotton and salt are the principal items; but in these returns English piece-goods imported are valued at Rs. 2,670; it should probably be Rs. 2,67,000.
 * Also an incarnation of Bhawani and tutelary deity of small-pox.