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into Ansaris passed away, and their possessions seem to have fallen are century, this of commencement the at Sayyads, who, the the hands of found possessed of 276 villages, of which 157 had heen acquired by purchase. In their turn, however, they had to give way before the Kalhans Rajputs villages of Chhedwara, who within the last fifty years have acquired 112 in this pargana.

The Raikw^r villages, fifty-two in number, lying to the north of the pargana, are held by the descendants of Harhardeo, fourth r^ja of Bamhnauti (Baundi), who being summoned to Delhi, returned to find his son on the gaddi. He therefore took a second wife, the daughter of a Brahman, the owner of these villages, and leaving his son in possession of his ancestral This half-hundred of villages* are estate founded the Harharpur ilaqa. communities in this district. coparcenary held by property almost the only number of the shares are now held in subordination to Mahant

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Harcharan Das.

The ilaqa of Dubhapur is another ancestral estate which exists, now unimpaired. One Shekh Nizam-ud-din, descendant of a Q^zi of Oudh, married the only daughter and heiress of one Shekh Muhammad Roshan of Rehauda Rasulpur, and his descendant in the fifth degree married the only daughter of Shekh Ali Muhammad, the last of the Ansaris. By this marriage the two estates of Rehauda Rasulpur and GandhSra with Ambapur were united. Ali Muhammad's ancestor had been made qaniingo of the pargana, and the office as well as the property descended to his sonin-law, whose descendants Shekh Niwdzish Ali and Wazlr Ali still hold. The Nanpara taluqdar owns a few villages in the pargana, which he owes to the tact of one of his ancestors who showed Asif-ud-daula such good sport in the north of the district that the Nawab made over to him this estate in the south.

The Baundi raja also within the 40 years immediately preceding annexation managed to acquire a few of the khalsa villages. These are now held by the raja of Kapfirthala. With the exception of the Raikwari villages to the north of the pargana, the estates are much intermingled, a peculiarity accounted for by the general scramble for the Sayyads' villages which marked the history of this pargana during the last three decades of the Nawabi rule. In Akbar's time the pargana is recorded to have consisted of 107,400 bighas of cultivation, and to have been paying a revenue of Rs. 1,18,676.

In Shah Jahan's reign, however, there were included in the pargana 870 measuring 435,702 bighas total area, and paying a revenue of Rs. 1,47,848. Of these 870 villages 398 were transferred to other parganas prior to 1223 F., and 226 were similarly transferred between 1224 F. and annexation, leaving 245 villages and chaks in 1263. Under British rule 482 were re-transferred, raising the total to 727, which were demarcated in 447 circles of these 41 have been once again excluded from the pargana, which now consists of 46 villages, villages

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Subsequently increased in number to 105.