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From the Junaidia and Shajra-e-Saihab (family histories of the Bilgram Sayyads)! learn thatinthe same year(12l7A.D.)SayyadMuhammad,fourth in descent from Abdul Fazl, a Sayyad* of Wfcit in Iraq, whom political troubles had forced to leave his country and to flee into Hindustan, marched to Bilgram with a large force of Firshauri Shekhs, drove out the Hindus (Sri Ram and the Raikwars), and settled there. The services of the Sayyads were rewarded with a rent-free grant of one-tenth of the tract afterwards known as pargana Bilgram. For three hundred years, or till the accession of Babar (1526 A.D.), this grant is said to have been upheld; Then Babar, to punish the Sayyads for their opposition, here as elsewhere, to his conquest of India,|resumed their grant, but conferred on Sayyad Bhikhbharan the chaudhriship of the tract. It may, I think, be inferred that the special cause of the resumption of the jagir of the Bilgram Sayyads was their complicity in the rebellion of the eastern Afghan chiefs of Jaunpur and Oudh during the last two years of the reign of Ibrahim Lodi. " At this time (just after the battle of Panipat) the North of India still retained much of its original Hindu organization ; its system of village and district administration and government, its division into numerous little chieftainships or petty local governments, and in political revolutions the people looked much more to their own immediate rulers than to the prince who governed in the capital. Except at Delhi and Agra the inhabitants everywhere fortified their towns and prepared to resist. The invasion was regarded as a temporary inundation that would Every man in authority raised troops and put himspeedily pass off. Those who held delegated authority or j%irs, self in a condition to act.

being generally Afghans, were consequently hostile to the new state of They soon came to an undertanding among themselves and took measures for mutual co-operation." (Erskine, India under Babar and things.

Humayiin,

I.,

442.)

In the eastern provinces of Jaunpur and Oudh the opposition (to Babars's progress) presented even a more regular form. There the confederacy of Afghan chiefs who had been in open rebellion against Ibrahim (Lodi) for two years before his death still continued. The insurgents now possessed (in 1526) not only Behar but nearly the whole territories of the old Sharqi monarchy, especially the country on the left hank of the Ganges ; and had even crossed to the right bank of the river and taken possession of Kanauj, and advanced into the Duab. "

clear that the Afghanchiefs who till now had ruled with nearly both in Delhi and Behar must be ruined if Babar authority tmlimited But it was no sooner known that his invasion -settled in Hindustan. inroad like those of Mahmud of Ghazni and temporary was not to be a was to remain in the country and to govern he that but Taimur, great the fears and new hopes began to operate both on it on the spot, than new His affairs began to brighten; he was the natives and the Afghans. acknowleged by the Afghan army of Sultan Ibrdhim (Lodi), which under Shekh Bayazid Farmuli and Firoz Khan had been successfully employed " It

was

Khyrabad, Kuttehppre, HasTB, and many other the Barhali and Bilgr^mi Syuds, and in found." (Chronicles of Oonao, page 93) places branches of the same stem are
 * "From him are descended the most renowned Musulman families in Northern India,

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