Page:Gazetteer of the province of Oudh ... (IA cu31924073057345).pdf/448

 MAL The Government demand, excluding cesses, is Rs. 102, 292-a rise of 47 per cent on the summary assessment. It falls at 1-14-10 on the cul- tivated acrc, 1-2-9 per acre of total area, 12-9-4 per plough, 2-4-11 per head of agricultural, and 1-5-1 per head of total population. The detail of ownership is as follows: Muhammadaus hold 29 villages ; Chhattris 48 ; Brahmans 21 ; Káyaths 7; Baniáns and Kalwars 4 ; Christians 1; Government 2. The tenure is mainly zamindari. Population is extremely dense, 571 to the square mile, the highest rate in the district. The total qumber is 77,681, Hindus to Muhammadans are 71,408 to 6,273, males to females 40,411 to 37,270, agriculturists to non-agriculturists 44,457 to 33,224. The number of Kurmis is excep- tional. They are 14,566 or two-elevenths of the whole. Brahmans are a seventh, chamárs a ninth, Ahírs, Chhattris 3,449, Pásis and Muráòs (2,696) make up the greater part of the rest. There is an aided school at Mallanwán (134), and village schools at Sultanganj (49), Atwa (35), Bansa (38), Babatmau (30), Shahpur (23), and Mådhoganj (30). The Ain-i-Akbari gives the cultivated area as 83,022 bíghas; revenue (mál) 35,96,913 dáms; Siwae, 2,22,038 dáms; zamindars, Bais; garrison 30 sowárs and 2,000 (probably a misprint for 200) foot soldiers. There are no religious gatherings of importance. Sonási Náth, two miles south of Mallánwán, attracts pilgrims in Kartik on their way home from bathing in the Ganges. In Chait and Kuár there is an eight days gathering of perhaps 2,000 a day at the shrine of Man Deo in Mallán wán, The Rámlíla draws 10,000 or a 12,000 in Kuár to Bhagwantnagar. On the 1st of Rajjab Muhammadans hold an 'urs' in honour of the Saint, Makh- dúm Shah, at his tomb to the north of Mallánwán. Here, as elsewhere in the Hardoi district, the dawn of history shows a Thathera occupation and their expulsion by Chhattri immigrants at some anknown time before the Muhammadan conquest of Kanauj. The proxi- mity of Mallánwán to Kanauj. There is only fourteen miles between them as the crow flies ; makes it certain that its political condition must always have resembled that of Kanauj. When Kanauj was. Buddhist, Mallánwin will have been Buddhist also; and when Brahmanism revived and displaced Buddhism throughout the kingdom of Kanauj it was with the sword of Chhattri chieftains devoted to its service that Buddhist people such as Thatheras, Bhars, and Arakhs were displaced from the territories across the Ganges which they had for centuries held and ruled. The Thatheras of Mallán wán were driven out by Chandels from Shiurájpur in Cawnpore serving under a Kanauj Monarch. Tirwa Keoli in Kachhandan, opposite Kanauj, is the ssot where in Char- del tradition the Thatheras were routed with a great slaughter. To this day the braziers (Thatheras) of Bhagwantnagar affect to mourn over their