Page:Gazetteer of the province of Oudh ... (IA cu31924073057345).pdf/234

 226 KHE authority of whom they were jealous, in the second his wealth aroused their cupidity. In Oudh, for instance, during the last thirty years of the eighteenth century, nearly every one of the principalities in Oudh were ovoriurned, and in their place, not the village communities, but the rája's kinsnien and retainers generally divided among them what small lauded property or interests were admitted to exist by the new government. Just as sone of the taluqas in Oudh have been formed by the aggregation of small communes, and the eviction of their proprietors, so others have been overturned and many small properties and village fiefs formed out of their débris. In Kheri, Oel. Mahewa, Mitauli are instances of the former, Muhamdli of the latter. After all there was but little difference except in the mere mode in which external relations with the Supreme Govern- ment were conducted. Society remained much the same whether the vil- lage heads were guided by some natural leader in a republic, or whether they merely aided with their advice and weighty counse's a vereditary chief. The danger has always been that a foreign power in acquiring the suzerainty, discovering the rája to be the sole medium of the tribe's com- munication with itself, should come to regard him as the sole arbiter of the destinies of the community, as despotic over its customs, whereas he was merely the guardian of one and the spokesman of the other. The main point which I have studied to make clear in the above is that the prin- cipal factor, which deterinined whether the goverment of any given locality should be a republic or a monarchy, was the homogeneity of the popula- tion or the reverse. The non-agricultural classes. -So far little has been said of the non- agricultural classes who aniount to 263,794, or 35-7 per cent of the entire population according to the census returns; but there is no doubt that these are erroneous, fur it is impossible that such a large proportion of the popu- lation can find subsistence in Khori from trade. By closely analyzing the census return No. V. an amended estimate has been prepared. There are, it appears, 265,75+ adult males in the district ; of these 212,877 or 78 per cent. are either agriculturists or agricultural labourers, and there are 30,90% of the latter. The following is the return of the different trades and occupations as recorded in the census. Those trades have been omitted which number less than a hundred members. It may be here noted that there are no mines and no European industries in this district. Village watchmen 3,893 Cultivators i 74,546 Government servants 231 Gardenors and agricultural labourers 112 Soldiers 5,163 Herdsmen 2,456 Priests or teaebers of the Hinda religion658 Shepherds Sweepers Carpenters and furders 1,443 Jon-keepers Neoklace-makers Barbers 1,836 Weavers 3,155 1,432 Cotton-cleaners Personal attendante Carpet, drugget, aod blanket makers 11% Bankera Dyers Merchants 797 Ebroiderers of gold and silver thread, Agents 226 laco-makers, Wadering grain-dealers 4,847 Thread spinners and sellers Coachmen, livery stable.keepers Taitors Pack carriers on bullocks Winc-sellers 728 Palki bearers Milk sellers 797 Proprietors of land 1,209 1 Grain sellers 1,863 549 706 186 245 Wasliermen 990 648 400 158 169 919 384 286 501 650