Page:Gazetteer of the province of Oudh ... (IA cu31924073057345).pdf/187

 KHE 179 per plough ; (2) 15 sers per each heap of grain ; (3) 3), sers per maund; (4) or 2, sers per kachha bágha. + Varions items added to rent.--But all the other charges are so many additions to the rent. The patwári's fee or ser is from 1 ser to 2 sers per maund; (2) the fees for weighing the grain, taulái, is a half ser per maund; (3) the zamindar's dhora is a half ser per maund. Dhora is a fee paid in acknowledgment of zamindari right, somewhat resembling nánkár; (4) pai or paipája is an allowance to any religious persons, such as Gosháíns or Pandits, payable from each asámi under the landlord's orders. He considers the gift charity, and no doubt the recipient also gives grati- tude and thanks to him, but the gift is virtually made by the asámis. This fee is often given to a Kahár or two employed in the heat of the day to supply water to the cultivators and labourers at the khaliyán, and may be from one to four chitaks for each maund, or a ser from each field; (5) pitya or shahnagi for the sepoy ernployed by the landlord to watch the crops in the thresbing-floor; (6) khaliyáni or the unclaimed grain and straw left in the threshing-floors after the operations of threshing or treading out and winnowing the corn are completed also belongs to the landlord: Sometimes khaliyáni is given up to the tenants ; sometimes it is divided between both parties. Out of the ser, taulái and pitya, the landlord has to pay wages to the patwari, weighman, and watchman; but the payments on these accounts are far below the receipts. Out of the dhora the land- lord has to supply the scales to weights; but the original reason why the fee is demanded has now almost ceased to be remembered. Paipúja is sometimes taken direct by a zamindar, who then sends a private servant, Brahman or kahár, to supply water at the khaliyán ; (7) lastly, khalu, the corn left in the ears after threshing, which at time of winnowing gets separated both from the grain and from the straw, generally falling between them, is sometimes all taken by the zamindar, sometimes divided between him and the tenant, and sometimes all made over to the tenants, " In the taluqas of Nikmat-ulla Khan's widow and of Hardeo Bakhsh the landlord takes the produce in ráb of one biswa of every field of sugarcane, or else he takes the price of the ráb at the market rates. In these two taluqas also, as well as in Naráin Singh's villages, all tenants whatever who hold at one-third batái give also one rupee per annum as bhent. In other taluqas bhent is only paid by Amnaiks and other favoured cultivators. deductions made from the cultivator's rent for various reasons. « The remission of the two well known items called kur and cbarwa is universal among high caste cultivators, and very common, but not univer- sal, in the case of low castes. Kur is 14 panseri per maund in kankút vil- lages and 14 panseri in batái villages. Charwa varies from 2 to 5 sers per maund, but is generally 4, and kur and charwa are allowed whether the tenure be by kut or batái, and whether the cultivator ploughs with his own
 * Various deductions from rent,.—On the other hand there are various