Page:Gazetteer of the province of Oudh ... (IA cu31924073057345).pdf/185

 КНЕ 177 transaction. One is the bazár nirkh at time of harvest, the second is taken to be one panseri or two panseris 'dearer, and may be called the zamindar's nirkh, and this regulates the price the tenants must pay. "How appraisements are converted into cash. There is nothing harsh or unfair in tlie transaction, except that it has the rigidity that belongs to an old custom. If it was more elastic, and if the variation between the two rates was not arbitrarily restricted to one or two panseris, there should be no fairer way of fixing rent, and I have never heard it complained of. An example will illustrate the method. A barley crop is appraised at two maunds for the landlord's share, including village expenses. Barley is selling in the bazar at Re. 1 per maund. The landlord is entitled to Rs. 2, but he assumes the rate to be one panseri less, or 30 sers; and therefore receives Rs. 2-4-6 for his two maunds instead of Rs. 2 If the bazar rate is considered very low he deducts two panseris instead of ore, and in this case would get Rs. 2-10-8 instead of Rs. 2, for his share. There are two slight variations from this custom. In Hardeo Bakhsh's taluqa only the landlord's share of the crop is appraised, and he takes a lump sum of 3 annas per rupee additional for expenses. In Anrudh Singh's taluqa the grain is converted into cash at the rates prevailing when money rents are collected, and not at one paliseri below the market price at time of harvesting the crop. An additional sum of 1 or 2 annas per rupee is taken for expenses. " The tenure called thahrái.--The tenure called thahrái is another form of mixed tenure, half cash and half grain payments. No cash rent- rate is fixed, but when the crop is ready for cutting the landlord and tenant inspect it together; the landlord's share of the crop is valued on the spot at a lump sum, and the tenant on payment of this sum is allowed to remove all the crop himself. When the landlord is represented by a the- kadar, who is perhaps the muqaddam of the village, or for some other reason on friencūly terms with the tenants, this equitable and sensible method of adjusting the demands of the two parties is frequently re- sorted to." Another tenure of land in Kheri prevailing very extensively across the Chauka is nakshi: " Peculiar feature of nakshi.---The following are the five distinguish- ing features of nakshi—(1) rent is always paid in cash; (2) rents are paid not, for the whole year, but for each harvest; (3) the landlord can claim no rent if the crop has been swept away by floods or otherwise destroyed ; (4) the tenant, if he choose, can leave the land fallow and pay no rent; (5) a certain proportion of the cultivator's land is left absolutely free of rent. This is called "chbút," and varies from one-sixth to one-tenth of the whole land in his possession. The usual proportion is one-tenth, which is called dobiswi, being 2 biswas to the bigha, but I have found mahtias, very old cultivators, holding as much as one-sixth chhút. " Its suitability to the gúnjar country. The extreme suitability of nakshi to the gánjar country, with its large areas of dofasli lands, its liability to