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 KAL

m Sitapur

109

on the south and west it is bounded by pargana Sandila on the east by pargana Gundwa. Twelve miles long by seven broad at its longest and broadest, it covers 63 square miles, of which 41, or 63'96 per -cent., are cultivated. The culturable area is 20-33 per cent., and the barren area 13-92 of the whole. Only a fifth of the soil (20-25 per cent.) is rated as of the third class, that is, light and sandy (bhtir). fifth (24-98 per cent.) is watered, in the proportion of four parts (19-83), from 805 ponds and tanks, and one part (5'15) from 441 wells; 1"79 per cent, is under groves. The average area of cultivation to each plough is 7f acres.



A

Its natural features are in no way remarkable. Like all the country along the Gumti, its poorest side is towards the river, the land gradually improving towards the central level, and falling off again as the next river or ndla is approached. The Baita nala drains the south-western side of the pargana a cluster of jhils interspersed with dhak jungle lies in flie south-east. There are no made roads, but the unmetalled road from Sandila to Beniganj skirts the south-western border and runs for about a mile within it.

The staple products are wheat and barley, which occupied at survey more than two-fifths of the cultivated area gram and arhar covered nearly another fifth the rest was chiefly cropped with mfeh, moth, bajra, juar, linseed, and kodo. The areas returned as under sugarcane, cotton, poppy, indigo, and tobacco were respectively only 320, 195, 86, 78, and 44 acres.



Climate and productiveness are considered to be average.

Kankar

is

found near the village of Kalyanmal.

villages, 63 are owned by Sakarwar Chhattris, one by Bais, by Kayaths, one by Sukul Brahmans, two by Sayyads. Only six

Of the 72 three

zamindari, in 37 imperfect patcesses, is Rs. 46,169 a rise It falls at Re. 1-12-6 on the of cultivated area, Re. 1-2-3 per acre of total area, Rs. 13-1-10 per plough, Rs. 3-6-8 per head of agricultural, and Re. 1-13-8 per head of total popuvillages are taluqdari, in

29 the tenure

is

The Government demand, excluding 11 per cent, on the summary assessment.

tidari.

—

lation.

Population presses at the rate of 395 to the square mile, or a total of Hindus to Muhammadans are 23,116 to 1,760; males to females 13,277 to 11,598; agriculturists to non-agriculturists 13,511 to 11,364. Chamars are a fifth of the whole, Brahmans nearly a fifth, Pfeis a tenth, Chhattris are only 1,744.

24,875.

A village school has been

established at Kalyanmal.

On the first Sunday in Bhddon some fourteen thousand people assemble at the spot known as Hattia Haran, a mile to the south-west of Kalyanmal. The usual dhanuk jagg mela is held at Kalyanmal in Aghan, and is largely attended. The pargana is not mentioned in the Ain-i-Akbari. It seems to have been included in Akbar's time in pargana Rahimabad of Lucknow, and aot 15