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BAR

270

2 rupees, but have to be renewed every year. The larger wells worked by Barley, wheat, bajra, and rice are the staple products. Nearly a third of the cultivated area is under barley, a fifth under wheat, another fifth under bajra, and about an eighth under rice. Gram, arhar, moth and juar cover most of the remainder. Sugarcane might be grown to a considerable extent, but during the year of survey only 142 acres of it were shown in the field registers. Roads are sorely wanted. The Sandi aud Shahabad road just skirts the pargana on the eastern ridge, but there is not a yard of road besides.

bullocks- are rare.

The maps show a road from Tiria to the Garra, but it is only a cart-track, almost impracticable for the greater part of the year. The western half of the pargana is more open, and carts can get along, though not without difficulty, to Sandi, Fatehgarh and Pali after the floods have run down and the country has dried. Beds of nodular limestone (kankar) are found at Sahra, Motipur, and Chatorha. Sombansi Thakurs hold 68 of the 69 villages.

The Chamar Gaurs own

one.

The Government demand, excluding cesses, is Rs. The rate is Rs. 1-5-8 per cultivated acre

per cent.



28,435, a rise of 53 Rs. 0-13-6 per acre

of total area; Rs. 8-9-10 per plough; Rs. 2-1-11 per head of the agricultural, and Rs. 1-7-6 per head of the total population.

The pargana is inhabited by 18,739 Hindus and 467 Muhammadans



total

19,206, or 362 to the square mile. Males to females are 10,752 to 8,454, and agriculturists to non-agriculturists 13,402 to 5,804. In the Hindu agricultural population of the pargana, half of which consists of Sombansi Rajputs, the percentage of females to males is only 75 '6. Nowhere else in Oudh, except in pargana Chandra, in the Sitapur district (75 "7,) does so low a proportion of females exist in this branch of the population, the percentage of the province ranging from 95'7 in Rae Bareli to 831 in Hardoi, with an average of 90-7. ,

The only other Hardoi parganas which show as badly as respect are Alamnagar and Pachhoha (761.)

in this

Sombansi Rajputs constitute nearly a third, and Chamars nearly a sixth Hindu population. Brahmans one-fourteenth the remainder mainly composed of Muraos, Kahars, Pasis, and Ahirs.

of the total is

Barwan



On the 29th of November and 7th April a rather large mela is held at Barsuia at the tomb of a faqir. From ten to- fifteen thousand persons attend it. It lasts only one day. There are village schools at Barwan (50) Sakra (31) Aub^dpur (35) Lonar (35) and a female school numbering 20 pupils has been started at Barwan. IJntil towards the close of the twelfth century A. D., the Barwan country was held by the Thatheras, tributaries of the Chhattri Rajas of Kanauj. Its chief village (now Barwan) was then called Baburhia.





A strong body of Sombansis, headed by Raja S^ntan, moved southwards from Delhi, at some uncertain period before the fall of Kanauj, and established themselves at Santan Khera (Sandi). Thence they gradually extended their dominion over what are now the Barwan, Pali, and Saromannagar parganas, expelling the Thatheras from