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 BAR

269

cMef streams

in the eastern tract. After heavy rains the Garra and Sukheta overflow their banks and flood all the lower portion of the pargana. In such years the autumn crop is altogether lost, and ploughing for the

spring harvest

is

delayed so long as to diminish

its

out-turn.

The pargana seems to divide naturally into six tracts, viz., the villages lying along and on the sandy eastern ridge the jungle, and lower down to the south, the tarai villages between the ridge and the Sukheta; the rich, damp villages enclosed between the Sukheta and the Garra and lying along both banks of the Garra the tarai villages beyond the Garra and lastly, the sandy tract in the west of the pargana. Only five or six villages belong to the first of these divisions. They are characterized by an uneven surface of very light, unproductive sandy soil, few wells, and low rents. The villages on the ridge are the worst. The country gradually improves as it sinks westwards into the tar^i.





The jungle villages are twelve in number. All have been assessed as They suffer from the ravages of wild hogs and second or third class. The soil is nil-gae in proportion to the extent of the adjacent jungle. for the most part fair, but in places clayey, stiff, and difiicult to work. Water is everywhere near the surface, so that the lever (dhenkli) wells Owing, however, to the frequent can be dug for from 1 to 3 rupees. Here and there the floods, they rarely last here for more than a year. In large wells worked by bullocks are made cheaply for Rs. 3 and 4. The this tract rents are slowly rising, and cultivators seeking for land. jungle country falls gradually southwards with the streams which water " chak" of fifteen villages. Among these there it into the eastern tar^i In all there is too much water. In only is not a single first class one. three are wells required or made. All suffer much from the overflowing of the Garra, the Sukheta, their affluents, and the jhils and tanks. Much of the soil is cold, stiff clay, hard to work, and indifferently producBut in spite of these drawbacks none of these villages are really bad, tive. and all have been rated as second and third class. Crossing the Sukheta you reach a belt of fourteen villages lying along or near both sides of the Garra. Their liability to flood and diluvial action prevents most of them from being placed in the first class, but they suffer less from the overflow Irrigation of the Garra than villages farther from it to the east and west. here is cheap and plentiful. The lever wells are in vogue. They fall in every year, but are dug for 1 or 2 rupees. Beyond this tract lies the western It differs from the eastern tarai in being tarai group of seven villages. subject to flooding from the Garra only. There is much less jungle. There are no jhils or ponds.

proportion of cold clayey soil is smaller. The lever wells are made, The western bhiir tract, of fifteen for from Rs. 1-8 to 3. villages occupies the whole of the space between this group of villages and the Sendha nala on the border of the pargana. In about half of these The villages the soil is so sandy and bad that wells are not made at all. kachcha wells fall in before the water is reached, and the people have not foresight or energy enough to apply for taqawi advances and build masonry ones. Here and there sand hills break the level, wherever the soil is lightest and water most scarce. In the other half, levsr wells can be made for 1 .and

The

where required,