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 Holy Office, which injunction the said Galileo acquiesced in and promised to obey."

Then follows the remark: "It must now be considered what proceedings are to be taken, both against the person of the author and against the printed book." Yet the nature of these proceedings is not in any way discussed in the document, but it now refers more in detail in five counts to the historical events, from the time when the "Dialogues" were submitted in Rome in 1630, to the publication in Florence in 1632. A sixth count considers that the following points in the "Dialogues" themselves must be laid to the author's account:—

"1. That without orders and without making any communication about it, he put the imprimatur of Rome on the title page.

"2. That he had printed the preface in different type, and rendered it useless by its separation from the rest of the work; further, that he had put the saving clause at the end in the mouth of a simpleton, and in a place where it is hard to find; that it is but coolly received by the other interlocutor, so that it is only cursorily touched upon, and not fully discussed.

"3. That he had very often in the work deviated from the hypothesis, either by absolutely asserting that the earth moves, and that the sun is stationary, or by representing the arguments upon which these views rest as convincing and necessarily true, or by making the contrary appear impossible.

"4. That he had treated the subject as undecided, and as if he were waiting for, though he does not expect, explanation.

"5. That he contemns authors who are of a contrary opinion, and those whom Holy Church chiefly employs.

"6. That he perniciously asserts and sets forth that, in the apprehension of geometrical matters, there is some equality between the Divine and human mind.

"7. That he had represented it to be an argument for the truth that Ptolemaics go over to the Copernicans, but not vice versa.

"8. That he had erroneously ascribed the tides in the ocean to the stability of the sun and the motion of the earth, which do not exist."

The special commission, however, by no means draws the conclusion from all these errors and failings, that the "Dialogues" should be prohibited, but says: "All these things