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100 education. The 9,000,000 school children of Germany are compelled to attend up to the age of fourteen, and after that age must, as a rule, attach themselves to an evening continuation school for three years longer. Here actual compulsion ends, but indirectly it is made difficult for them to dispense with secondary education. For a pupil, by obtaining a satisfactory certificate from a secondary school, can by this means secure entry into certain University courses, and thereby into some important professions, and can also in this way procure exemption from one year's military service. Hence, elementary and secondary education are closely affiliated in the fatherland. These secondary schools are either classical (Gymnasien), or modern (Realschulen), the former usually preparing scholars for the University, and the latter for the Technical High Schools. Secondary schools altogether educate nearly 400,000 scholars under about 20,000 teachers, and furnish instruction of the most advanced type.

On leaving the secondary school the German youth passes either into one of the Universities, of which the purport is pure culture, or into one of those Technical High Schools, of which the recent growth has been so conspicuous and formidable. It is in these latter that the qualities of Teutonic thoroughness are best displayed, and most unerringly applied to the triumphs of industry. These High Schools are nothing less than the headquarters of modern science, where a staff, comprising the most