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 A RETROSPECT. 65 " That was not much to the credit of the celebrated Company," said Mrs Barnett. " I do not defend it in the matter," replied Hobson ; " and its interference was severely censured by Parliament in 1746, when a reward of £20,000 was offered by the Governnient for the discovery of the passage in question. In that year two intrepid explorers, William Moor and Francis Smith, penetrated as far as Repulse Bay in the hope of discovering the much-longed-for passage. But they were unsuccessful, and returned to England after an absence of a year and a half." " But did not other captains follow in their steps, resolved to conquer where they had failed % " inquired Mrs Barnett. " No, madam ; and in spite of the large reward offered by Par- liament, no attempt was made to resume explorations in English America until thirty years afterwards, when some agents of the Company took up the unfinished task of Captains Moor and Smith." "The Company had then relinquished the narrow-minded egotis- tical position it had taken up ? " " No, madam, not yet. Samuel Hearne, the agent, only went to reconnoitre the position of a copper-mine which native miners had reported. On November 6, 1769, this agent left Fort Prince of Wales, on the river Churchill, near the western shores of Hudson's Bay. He pressed boldly on to the north-west ; but the excessive cold and the exhaustion of his provisions compelled him to return without accomplishing anything. Fortunately he was not easily discouraged, and on February 23d of the next year he set out again, this time taking some Indians with him. Great hardships were endured in this second journey. The fish and game on which Hearne had relied often failed him ; and he had once nothing to eat for seven days but wild fruit, bits of old leather, and burnt bones. He was again compelled to return to the fort a disappointed man. But he did not even yet despair, and started a third time, December 7th, 1770 ; and after a struggle of nineteen months, he discovered the Coppermine river, July 13th, 1772, the course of which he fol- lowed to its mouth. According to his own account, he saw the open sea, and in any case he was the first to penetrate to the northern coast of America." " But the North- West Passage — that is to say, the direct com- E