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 230. Constitution of the World Health Organization, July 22, 1946, 61 Stat. 2349, 14 U.N.T.S. 185 (also available at http://w3.whosea.org/aboutsearo/pdf/const.pdf and http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/decade/decad051.htm#1). See also Revision to the International Health Regulations 2005, A58/4, art. 2, May 16, 2005, http://www2a.cdc.gov/phlp/docs/58assembly.pdf (sites accessed May 23, 2006).

231. Fidler, 2004, p. 35.

232. Institute of Medicine, 1992.

233. World Health Assembly, Revision to the International Health Regulations 2005, WHA 58 3, May 23, 2005, http://www.who.int/csr/ihr/WHA58_3-en.pdf (site accessed May 23, 2006).

234. World Health Organization, 54th World Health Assembly, Global Health Security – Epidemic Alert and Response, A54/9, April 2, 2001.

235. Institute of Medicine, 2003, p. 16.

236. Institute of Medicine, 2003, p. 8; Fidler, 2004, pp. 74–80.

237. Fidler, 2004, p. 14 (noting that by June 2003, SARS had been “[s]topped dead in its tracks”).

238. Institute of Medicine, 2003, p. 8.

239. This account owes much to the work of Robert L. Paarlberg, who has written extensively about the politics of genetically modified food and its impact on developing countries. See Paarlberg, 2000, 2001, and 2003. We are also grateful to Diahanna Po st for her insights and helpful co mments. See Post and Da Ros, 2003, and Post, 2005. A committee of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences examined these issues in depth: National Research Council, 2000.

240. Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1829/2003 of Sept. 22, 2003, 2003 O.J. (L268) 1; Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1830/2003 of Sept. 22, 2003, 2003 O.J. (L268) 24.

241. Post, 2005, p. 137; see also Statement of Policy: Foods Derived from New Plant Varieties, 57 Fed. Reg. 22984 (May 29, 1992).

242. Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1830/2003 of Sept. 22, 2003, 2003 O.J. (L268) 24.

243. See Guidance for Industry, “Voluntary Labeling Indicating Whether Foods Have or Have Not Been Developed Using Bioengineering” (Draft Guidance distributed for comment purposes only), http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/∼dms/biolabgu.html (site accessed May 28, 2006).

244. Carter and Gruere, 2005, p. 9.

245. http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/food/biotechnology/index_en.htm.

246. http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/∼dms/biolabgu.html.

247. National Organic Program, 7 C.F.R. pt. 205 (2006).

248. Winickoff et al., 2005, p. 87.

249. Paarlberg, 2000, p. 29.

250. “WTO Rules EU Import Ban Illegal,” International Herald Tribune, February 7, 2006, http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/02/07/business/gmo.php (site accessed May 6, 2006).