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RV 8 (Rh) 2) at the end of the word it sounds almost like German in . Technically a velar spirant [χ].

3) at the end of the word followed by the vowel /u/ this sound is like a sharp puff of breath with the lips rounded.



/l/ is formed farther forward in the mouth than English and is very much like french  in  or Italian  in. The middle of the tongue is closer to the roof of the mouth than it is for English.



/ñ/ is like the sound in English. Technically a palatalized [ñ] or [n$y$].

/r/ is rolled or flapped - the tip of the tongue striking one or more times on the gum ridge behind the upper teeth. It is very much like Italian in.



/š/ approximates the sound in English  rather than in. It is close to the French in.

/t/ is made against the teeth rather than against the ridge back of the teeth as in English. It is otherwise very much like English except in the final position where it is more aspirated (released with a short puff of breath).

/ž/ is like the French in  or somewhat like the English  in in [sic].

/'/ is a glottal stop [ʔ], a stoppage of breath which can be heard before each of the words: if these words are pronounced slowly and deliberately.

/y/ like in, , etc. Between vowels /y/ is just a kind of trough in between the vowel peaks. Both vowels are said distinctly, e.g. /kəyət/ 'where from' /getaye/ 'sir', etc.

/w/ like in. Between vowels /w/ is a slight w-glide, e.g. /baKlowoc/ 'mules'. Where the second vowel is an /o/, /w/ stands for the same kind of trough as described above in the case of /y/. The /w/ trough or glide is rounded. Compare the /w/ glide in /awo/ 'yes', /səwoc/ 'people' with the /y/ glide in /mayət/ 'to see' and /ıyut/ 'look at it'.