Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 15, 1904.djvu/304

 28o The European Sky -god.

modified Zeus, ' a weak imitation of the ruler of Olympus, a shadow too in comparison with the living form of his brother Poseidon.' Art represented the three sons of Cronus as externally very similar, but distinguished them by a rendering of their characteristics and attributes." Finally, I would venture to maintain ^'^ that the name of Zeus is an integral part of the names of both Poseidon and Hades. For, if the known varieties of these three names be arranged side by side, it will appear that they have a common element Da- or Dan-, which are forms of the name of Zeus :

Zetis. Afi-e Aov (ace.) AaV, &c. = The "bright" sky-

god. Poseidon. Trorsi'-Aac Tro-et-AaF-ojv 7ror£i-Aai',(S;c.= "Zeus in the water"

(ttotoc). Hades. di- Aeuc (?) '"'^ dV-Aaae '-"" aX-\aq = "Zeus of the earth"

ai- Adwv^"'^^ at- Aiuv ai-Aiovevg, &.C. (ala).

The first element in these forms of the name of Poseidon^-^ is probably Trorei, the locative case of ttoto?, " drinking- water," so that Poseidon on this showing would be strictly " Zeus-in-the-drinking-water," a rain-Zeus or river-Zeus such as we have already detected. This corresponds, more-

"* Class. Rev., x\'ii., 175 f.

'-" A doubtful form : see Roscher Lex., i., 1794 f., Gruppe, p. iioo, n. i.

120a Hesych. Aicdag (leg. ^A'icdag). csair6-i]Q ', Suid. 'Atjcoj (leg. 'AVcac). 6 ctairorriQ. For £E<rTr6ri]£ as an epithet of Hades see C. F. H. Bruchmann epitheta deoruTii, p. 2. But further lighi is needed.

'^'' Hesych. 'At^aov * uZov. But M. Schmidt (ed. maj.) cj. 'Aicao, which may be right. '

'-' H. L. Ahrens [Philologus, xxiii., i ff., 193 ff.) was the first to point out that HoaucCjv means the Water-Zeus. Sonne [Zeitschr.f. vergl. Spr., x., 183) suggested that the ironei- of UoaeihCov was a locative case. It is, how- ever, necessary to derive forms beginning with ttoth- or Trorot- (see the list in Gruppe, p. 1152 n.) from ttotoq, not iroaiQ.