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 many similar shoots from the base are called shrubs, as lilac, rose, elder, osier (Fig. 13). Low and thick shrubs are bushes. Plants that produce one main trunk and a more or less elevated head are trees (Fig. 14). All shrubs and trees are perennial. The weeping birch. Every plant makes an effort to propagate, or to perpetuate its kind; and, as far as we can see, this is the end for which the plant itself lives. The seed or spore is the final product of the plant.

—8. The teacher may assign each pupil to one plant in the school yard, or field, or in a pot, and ask him to bring out the points in the lesson. 9. The teacher may put on the board the names of many common plants and ask the pupils to classify into annuals, pseud-annuals, plur-annuals (or climatic annuals), biennials, perennials, herbaceous perennials, ligneous perennials, herbs, bushes, trees. Every plant grown on the farm should be so classified: wheat, oats, corn, buckwheat, timothy, strawberry, raspberry, currant, tobacco, alfalfa, flax, crimson clover, hops, cowpea, field bean, sweet potato, peanut, radish, sugar-cane, barley, cabbage, and others. Name all the kinds of trees you know.