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 surface of each membrane. State any advantage or disadvantage in having the ears located where they are.

Ovipositor.—If the specimen is a female, it has an egg-placer or ovipositor, consisting of four blunt projections at the end of the abdomen (Fig. 107). If it is a male, there are only two appendages. These are above the end of the abdomen, and smaller than the parts of the ovipositor. Females are larger and more abundant than males. In laying the eggs, the four blunt points are brought tightly together and then forced into the ground and opened (Fig. 108). By repeating this, a pit is made almost as deep as the abdomen is long. What sex is shown in Fig. 106? Fig. 107?

Draw a side view of the grasshopper.

(Riley.)

Thorax.—This, the middle portion of the body, consists of three segments or rings (Fig. 107). Is the division between the rings most apparent above or below? Which two of the three rings are more closely united?

The front ring (prothorax) of the thorax has no rings. Is it larger above or below? Does it look more like a collar or a cape? (Fig. 106.) A spiracle is found on the second ring (mesothorax, or middle thorax) just above the second pair of legs. There is another in the soft skin between the prothorax and mesothorax just under the large cape or collar. The last ring of the thorax is called the metathorax (rear thorax).

How many legs are attached to each ring of the thorax? Can a grasshopper walk? Run? Climb? Jump? Fly? Do any of the legs set forward? (See Fig. 106.)