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 vated plant all the flowers have become large and sterile. Hydrangea is a similar case.

Single flower at the right.

—145. If the pupil has been skillfully conducted through this chapter by means of careful study of specimens rather than as a mere memorizing process, he will be in mood to challenge any flower that he sees and to make an effort to understand it. Flowers are endlessly modified in form; but they can be understood if the pupil looks first for the anthers and ovaries. How may anthers and ovaries always be distinguished? 146. It is excellent practice to find the flowers in plants that are commonly known by name, and to determine the main points in their structure. What are the flowers in Indian corn? pumpkin or squash? celery? cabbage? potato? pea? tomato? okra? cotton? rhubarb? chestnut? wheat? oats? 147. Do all forest trees have flowers? Explain. 148. Name all the monœcious plants you know. Diœcious. 149. What plants do you know that bloom before the leaves appear? Do any bloom after the leaves fall? 150. Explain the flowers of marigold, hyacinth, lettuce, clover, asparagus, garden calla, aster, locust, onion, burdock, lily-of-the-valley, crocus, Golden Glow rudbeckia, cowpea. 151. Define a flower.

—It cannot be urged too often that the specimens themselves be studied. If this chapter becomes a mere recitation on names and definitions, the exercise will be worse than useless. Properly taught by means of the flowers themselves, the names become merely incidental and a part of the pupil's language, and the subject has living interest.