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 CHAPTER XV

WINTER AND DORMANT BUDS

A bud is a growing point, terminating an axis either long or short, or being the starting point of an axis. All branches spring from buds. In the growing season the bud is active; later in the season it ceases to increase the axis in length, and as winter approaches the growing point becomes more or less thickened and covered by protecting scales, in preparation for the long resting season. This resting, dormant, or winter body is what is commonly spoken of as a "bud." A winter bud may be defined as an inactive covered growing point, waiting for spring.

Structurally, a dormant bud is a shortened axis or branch, bearing miniature leaves or flowers or both, and protected by a covering. Cut in two, lengthwise, a bud of the horse-chestnut or other plant that has large buds. With a pin separate the tiny leaves. Count them. Examine the big bud of the rhubarb as it lies under the ground in late winter or early spring; or the crown buds of asparagus, hepatica, or other early spring plants. Dissect large buds of the apple and pear (Figs. 137, 138).

, showing the miniature leaves.

, showing both leaves and flowers. The latter are the little knobs in the center.

The bud is protected by firm and dry scales. These scales are modified leaves. The scales fit close. Often