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Fingerprint Recognition standard defines the content, format, and units of measurement for the exchange of fingerprint, palm print, facial/mugshot, and scar, mark, & tattoo (SMT) image information that may be used in the identification process of a subject. The information consists of a variety of mandatory and optional items, including scanning parameters, related descriptive and record data, digitized fingerprint information, and compressed or uncompressed images.

For more information, see the following: ftp://sequoyah.nist.gov/pub/nist_internal_reports/sp500-245a16.pdf

ISO/IEC 19794-2 Finger Minutiae Format for Data Interchange ― This standard describes how minutiae points shall be determined, defines data formats for containing the data for general and smart card use, and details conformance information. Guidelines and values for matching and decision parameters are provided as an informative Annex. The standard defines three types of minutiae, including ridge ending and ridge bifurcation. The adopted minutiae determination strategy relies on skeletons derived from a digital fingerprint image. For more information, see the following: http://www.iso.org.

ISO/IEC FCD 19794-3 Finger Pattern Based Interchange Format ― This draft standard specifies that a fingerprint image is divided into a grid of overlapping or non-overlapping cells. At each cell, the finger pattern will be represented by a cell structure. A method to obtain the cell structure is to decompose each of the cells into a two-dimensional spectral representation such as the two-dimensional Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). The decomposition produces spectral components, where each component can be characterized by a wavelength in the horizontal (x) and vertical (y) directions, amplitude, and a phase. For more information, see the following: http://www.iso.org.

ISO/IEC 19794- 4 Finger Image Based Interchange Format ― This standard specifies that the image shall appear to have been captured in an upright position and shall be approximately centered horizontally in the field of view. The scanning sequence and recorded data shall appear to have been from left-to-right, progressing from top-to bottom of the fingerprint. The origin of the axes, pixel location (0,0), is at the upper left hand corner of each image with the x-coordinate (horizontal) position increasing positively from the origin to the right side of the image while the y-coordinate (vertical) position increasing positively from the origin to the bottom of the image. It also specifies that the Page 108 of 166