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 Force as a posse comitatus or otherwise to execute the laws shall be fined. . . or imprisoned. . . .")). See Memorandum Opinion, "Use of the National Guard to Support Drug Interdiction Efforts in the District of Columbia," 13 Op. O.L.C. 91, 92, 93, 97 (Apr. 4, 1989), available at https://www.justice.gov/olc/opinions-volume (Posse Comitatus Act, 18 U.S.C. § 1385, does not prohibit use of DC National Guard as a militia in support of DC Metropolitan Police Department). The President also has authority to mobilize the National Guard, which is a reserve component of the U.S. armed forces, to active duty (10 U.S.C. §12301 et seq.), and may "federalize" any National Guard unit to assist in addressing insurrection (10 U.S.C. §§251-253), invasion, or rebellion and to give effect to Federal law (10 U.S.C. §12406). The President did not exercise those authorities on January 6, 2021. The DC National Guard operated that day as the DC militia, in its civil support and law enforcement assistance capacity under the separate authorities noted above. See also, Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol, Transcribed Interview of General James Charles McConville, (Nov. 4, 2021), p. 8.

George Floyd was murdered on Monday, May 25, 2020. See Catherine Thorbecke, "Derek Chauvin Had His Knee on George Floyd's Neck for Nearly 9 Minutes, Complaint Says," ABC News, (May 29, 2020)), available at https://abcnews.go.com/US/derek-chauvin-kneegeorge-floyds-neck-minutes-complaint/story?id=70961042. Over the ensuing days, weeks, and months, Americans demonstrated in cities across the country. See Major Cities Chiefs