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 conscious and unconscious desire to attract the interest and win the admiration of the fair sex.

Sadism and Masochism. Sadism (a term derived from Marquis de Sade, a French novelist who exploited perversions and cruelty of man to woman) is the trait in our psychic make-up which causes us to get satisfaction by inflicting pain on another. Its operation is manifold, as well as subtle, and more extensive than we might care to admit. It is exemplified in the child who teases or injures household pets and punishes animals; and in a symbolical way by destroying dolls and toy animals. It is most strongly evidenced in the bully and all individuals who subject others to acts of cruelty and punishment. In a lesser degree, this characteristic is manifested in teasing, tickling and petty annoyances of a like nature.

A pronounced degree of sadism is shown by parents who whip their children, men who beat their wives, women who hen-peck their husbands, boys who look for fights, successful soldiers, pugilists, football players, and pugnaciously aggressive persons.

In its purely sexual aspect, sadism is manifested by the individual (usually male) who obtains satisfaction by inflicting pain on his sexual partner. It may be present in slight degree, so that the aggressor is quite unconscious of the impulse, or it may be pronounced, causing real pain and injury to the other party. The most extreme pathological form of sadism is typified in the Jack-the-Ripper, who gratifies his perverted passions by atrocious means.

Masochism (from L. von Sacher-Masoch, an Austrian novelist whose favorite theme was cruelty practiced on self) is also a characteristic inherent to some degree in everyone. While less noticeable than sadism, its opposing trait—because it is a passive rather than an aggressive impulse—it is no