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20 adopted before the permanent officers are elected, and after such adoption to opportunity should be given all to sign. This act makes them members of the society or organization, since only those who have fulfilled this requirement are members and allowed to vote.

11. The by-laws should contain nothing which conflicts, in any way, with the constitution, and may include such matters as initiation fee, dues, rules for government of the society's affairs, number necessary to constitute a quorum, time and place of meeting, how special meetings may be called, business which may be transacted at such special meetings. Amending the by-laws should also be made difficult by placing it out of the power of any one meeting to modify them by requiring previous notice; also by making a two-thirds vote necessary for adoption. It should be remembered, however, that while an amendment to the constitution or by-laws requires previous notice and a two-thirds vote, either the constitution or the by-laws before adoption may be amended by a majority vote.