Page:Federal Reporter, 1st Series, Volume 8.djvu/330

 316 FEDERAL REPORTBB. �with the subject, and I must, therefore, refer to Tnvin v. Dane for an explanation of the various parts of the lamp, and of what was done by the patentee. The court decided as follows : �" We then corne to the conclusion that Irwin was the flrst inventer of a deviee for securing a blast of fresh air to the burner of a lamp, by means of an inverted funnel or bell and one or more tubes, by which the air heated by the flame of the lamp is caused to rise into the tube and be thence conducted into a close reservoir below the flame, and from thence supplied freely to the flame, so as to sustain combustion. In other words, the combination of the bell, tube, air-chamber, and burner, as shown by his first patent, was original with him, and all who use bell and tube or tubes, substautially as and for the purposes Irwn used them, infringe his flrst patent. So all who use a globe in combination with the bell and tube infringe the second patent ; and all who use the bell, tube, globe, and perforated plate, E, at the bottom of the globe, infringe the third patent." �The leading prineiple of No, 89,770 was to remedy the defeet of 73,012 as a hand kerosene lantern, viz., a deficiency of air within the globe, by the injection of outside air into the tubes in a continuons and irreversible current, and in quantities sufficient to supply the flame, and consisted, generally, in placing the tube, H, entirely above the globe, and in substitutiug for the old "bell-mouth" of the tube a shallow concave plate, I, of larger diameter than the top of the globe. The open space between the plate and the globe admitted fresh air into the tubes, which were conneeted together, and which, having their mouths within the globe, received heated air from the globe and fresh external air. The necessity for the injection of fresh air into the. tubes, and for an increased supply of oxygen to the flame, arose from the fact that, when the lantern was suddenly raised or oscil- lated, the impure air within the globe was precipitated, and smothered the flame. �In the specification the patentee said: �" When the lantern is at rest and not blown upon by the wind, the air, heated by the flame at the burner, rlses in the globe and passes into the tubes H and Y F. These tubes present a large radiating surface, and the heated air is thereby rapidly deprived of its calorie, so that the slight upward pressure of hot air in the tube, H, will be suflicient to insure a downward current of cooled air through the vertical portions of the tubes, F F, into the air-cliamber, B, and the interior of the burner cone, C, to supply the flame with oxygen. Fresh air in the lueaii time passing up through the perforated plate, E, into the globe, tends to keep the glass cool, and miiigles with the current from the tubes, F F. �"When the lantern is exposed to the wind the Iilast fs distributed by pass- ing through the perforated plate belovv, and, from the peculiar arrangement ��� �