Page:Federal Reporter, 1st Series, Volume 6.djvu/405

 YALE LOCK MANUf'g CO. ». NOKWICH NAT. BANK. 393 �the door, both of said locks being arranged so as to rest against, or connect with, the boit work, — the time lock being automatically unlocked by the operation of the titne move- ment ; both of the said locks being independent of each other — and arranged to control the locking and unlocking of the boit work, 80 that said saf e or vault door cannot be opened when locked until both of said locks have been unlocked, or have released their dogging action to enable the door to be opened, substantially as described." �The patentability and novelty of the combination which is the subjeot of the third claim, and the vaJidity of that part of the re-issue, are the questions in this part of the case. Infringe- ment is not denied. The history of the art shows, in addition to the statements made in the specification, that prior to the date of the invention two combination locks were used to dog the same boit work ; that a time lock upon the outer door and a combination lock upon the inner door of the same safe had been used, and that upon the same door a combination lock and a time lock had dogged different and independent sets of boit work. Sargent, however, was the tirst to dog and release the same boit work of a door by a time lock and combina- tion lock acting indopendently of each other, the time lock being automatically unlocked by the operation of the time movement. It is useless to discuss the question of novelty, for no anticipation of tfie combination which Sargent put upon one door has been attempted to be proved. �The important question in the case is whether the third claim states an invention which is patentable, or whether it states a combination of old devices which is simply an aggre- gation and prodnces no new resuit. It is necessary to ascer- tain in the first place the resuit, if any, which Sargent accom- plished. Time locks had been known but were not widely used. v)ne disadvantage was that the owner of the safe must be present during the unlocking period or the safe was unpro- tected. The use of two doors, with a combination lock upon upon one and a time lock upon the other, involved a very heavy expense. Combination locks were extensively used upon a single door, but the "masked burglaries" which began ��� �