Page:Federal Reporter, 1st Series, Volume 4.djvu/457

 ADaIB V. TBATEB. 443 �It is for an improvement in double-actirigpumpBrand bas no reference to singleracting pumps, The claim niust be read as if it said, for the combination, in a double-acting pump, Buch as had been described, of the parts mentioned. This saves the patent, and saves the claim as a claim for the combination of the parts mentioned in such a pump. There they work together, and are uot a mere aggregation. The defendant salis a pump whioh has an open cylinder be- side the piston cyliader, for the valves below the piston, both of which are below an open water head, through which the piston and these valves can be readily withdrawn and re- placed; and another cylinder, beside the piston cylinder, for the valves above the piston, opening into the water headj en- tends over it, with a fixed cover to the piston cylinder, so that the valves above the piston can be worlied; ail the stationary parts of which are cast in one piece, and ail the moving parts of which are, when in operation, under the water, and made air-tight by the water, and constituting a double-acting pump. Here are ail the elements of the com- bination described in the second claim of the patent, each doing the same thing in the same way as described in the corresponding parts of the specification, except the cylinder cover of the piston cylinder. As to that, in the orator's pump, it operates during the down stroke of the piston, as à cover for that cylinder, without which the valves above the piston could not work at ail ; and, in the defendant's pump, it does preoisely the same thing, during the corresponding movement, without which the valves above the piston oould not work there at ail. In the orator's pump it can be hauled up with the piston, thr.ough the opent water head, as far as the fastenings about the piston-rod above the pump wiH per- mit. In the defendant's pump it is fastened down to its place by braces from the supports of the piston-rod above the pump, but ia readily removable by removing those braces, and removable through the open water head. To free it wholly from the rest of the pump, the fastehings of the pis- ton-rod, above the pump, must be removed in each case; so that element of the combination performs one office in tha ����