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 parties here, that constitutes the contract which it is the object of the court to carry out. Now, there is another remark, perhaps rather hypercritical, but proper in this connection to be made, and that is, according to the technical formality of the law of insurance this explosion cannot be recognized. It was a part of that fire—just as much a part of the fire, and admitted to be as such, covered by the insurance, as if there had not been an explosion, by the general language, “insurance against fire.” If the exception had not been made, it would have been considered (which was conceded at the argument) a part of the fire, and the policy would have been held, for the purpose of this view of the case, just as effectual, as it regards the effects of the explosion produced by the fire, as the policy is now effectual with respect to fires produced by an explosion, upon which the language of the policy is express. Now, I think, under the circumstances of this case, that that view of the subject is entitled to very considerable consideration.

But there is another matter to be considered which has very great weight in the case. I am free to confess that, viewing this policy in its own light, I might doubt very much more than I do; but this subject has been litigated very fully before a very able and learned judge, a great lover of the authorities, and perhaps as much influenced by them as any judge to be found. I refer to the district judge of Michigan. Washburn v. Union Fire Ins. Co. U. S. Cir. Court, E. D. Mich., Brown, J., (see Detroit Post & Tribune of Nov. 8, 1879.) It seems he had no hesitation in coming to the conclusion that the insurers were liable under policies drawn like this, and for the purposes of this action identical with these in the cases before me. The same question was in several cases before the learned circuit judge of the Pennsylvania circuit, (Washburn v. Artisans’ Ins. Co.; Same v. Penn. Ins. Co. U. S. Cir. Court, W. D. Penn. 9 Pittsburgh Legal Journal, (N. S.) 55,) and, without the slightest doubt or hesitation, he ruled in the same way in a case involving the same question. And they were afterwards before the district judge of this district, (Washburn v. Farmers’ Ins. Co. U. S. Cir. Court, S.