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 the policies have read “that they will not be liable for explosions caused by fires, or for fires caused by explosion?” I repeat, and it is a feature of great significance in the case, as it seems to me, that where explosions are produced by fires—accidental fires—the policy is wholly silent. Now, I am free to remark that it seems to me that this could hardly have been so if the intention of the parties had been as is contended for by the counsel for the defendants.

But, further, if it be suggested that this would leave the exception without any legal effect, I would say that there are several obvious answers. First, these clauses are frequently prepared by non-legal men, who do not know the legal effect of the language which they employ in such instruments, and I will add that these instruments go into the hands of individuals who know nothing of the legal effect of these special clauses which they contain. Again, if prepared by a legal hand, the writer may not have known, probably did not accurately know, the state of the law touching the subject to which the exception, and the exception within the exception, here in question, relate. Again, there is nothing which in terms, and this is substantially what I have said already, withdraws the exception here in question from the clause of insurance, as it would be if the construction contended for by the plaintiff’s counsel be sustained. There is nothing disclosed which tends to withdraw the subject of these exceptions (nothing in terms, there may be by implication) of the clause here in question from the general language and operation of the clause employed. They refer to fires which the explosion shall produce, and are wholly silent as to the fires which produce such explosions.

Again, insurance policies, like all other written contracts, are to be reasonably construed; yet, as with respect to all other written contracts, insurance policies are to be construed most strongly against the party making them, which, in this case, is the insurance company.

I deem it proper to advert for a moment to the case in 7 Wallace, (Ins. Co. v. Tweed, 7 Wall. 44,) which I did not fully understand at the argument. The exception was somewhat