Page:Federal Reporter, 1st Series, Volume 1.djvu/513

 IN EB TIBUBCIO PAKF.OTT. 505 �possess property of every kind, and to pursue and obtain hap- pinesa and safety, subjeet, nevertheless, to such restraints as the government may preseribe for the general good of the whole." �The court then adds: "The description, ^hen taken to ïnclude others not named, but which are of the same general character, embraces nearly every civil rightfor the establishment and protection of which organized government is estahlished." 16 Wall. 76. And in Ward v. Maryland, the same court observes : "Beyond doubt these words [privileges and immu- nities] are words of very comprehensive meaning, but it will be Biifficient to say that the clause plainly and unmistakably secures and protects the right of a citizen of one state to pass iuto any other state of the Union for the purpose of engaging in lawful commerce, trade, or business without molestation; to acquire personal property; to take and hold real estate," etc. 12 Wall. 430. So, in the Slawghter-home cases, Mr. Justice Field remarks upon these terms : "The privileges and immu- nities design ated are those wlxich of right belong to citizens of ail free governments. Clearly among these must be placed the right to pursue a lawful employment in a lairful manner, without other restraint than such as equally affects ail persons," 16 Wall. 97. �Mr. Justice Bradley, in discussing the question as to what ia embraced in the "privileges and immunities" secured to the citizens, among other equally pointed and emphatic dec- larations, says : "In my judgment, the right of any citizen to foUow whatever lauful employment he chooses to adopt (sub- mitting himself to ail lawful regulations) is one of his most valuable rights, and one ivhich the legislature of a state cannot invade, ichcther restrained hy its own constitution or not." Id. 113, 114. He also enumerates, as among the fundamental rights embraced in the privileges and immunities of a citi- zen, ail the absolute rights of individuals classed by Black- stone under the three heads, "The right of personal secu- rity ; the right of personal liberty ; and the right of private property;" (Id. 115;) and in relation to these rights says: 'In my view, a law vrhieh prohibits a large class of citijîens ��� �