Page:Federal Reporter, 1st Series, Volume 1.djvu/512

 504 FEDERAL REPORTEH. �other for purposes of curiosity, of trade, or as permanent residents." �"Article 6. Citizens of the United States visiting or resid- ing in China shall enjoy the same privileges, immunities, or exemptions, in respect to travel or residence, as may there be enjoyed by the citizens or subjects of the most favored nation. And, reciprocally, Chinese subjects visiting or residing in the United States shall enjoy the same privileges, immunities, and exemptions, in respect to travel or residence, as maj^ there be enjoyed by the citizens or subjects of the mosfc favored nation." 16 St. 740. �Thus the right of the Chinese to change their homes, and to freely emigrate to the United States for the purpose of perTnanent residence, is, in express terms, recognized; and the next article in express terms stipulates that Chinese residing in the United States shall enjoy the same privileges, immu- nities, and exemptions, in respect to residence, as may there be enjoyed by the citizens and subjects of the most favored nation. The words "privileges and immunities," as used in the constitution in relation to rights of citizens of the dif- ferent states, have been f ully considered by the supreme court • of the United States, and generally defined, and there can be no doubt that the definitions given are equally applicable to the same words as used in the treaty with China. In the Slaughter-house cases, the supreme court approvingly cites and re-aflBrms from the opinion of Mr. Justice Washington, in Corfield v. Coryell, the following passage : "The inquiry is, what are the privileges and immunities of citizens of the several states ? We f eel no hesitation in confining these ex- pressions to those privileges and immunities which are fon- damental; -which belong to the rights of citizens of ail free governmehts, and which have at ail timea been enjoyed by citizens of the several states which compose this Union, from the time of their becoming free, independent, and sovereign. What these fundamental principles are it would be more tedious than difSoult to enumerate. They may ail, however, be comprehended under the following general heads: Pro- tection by the government, with the right to acquire and ��� �