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 EMIL G. HIBSCH 251 burgy where his son, Emil Gustav, was boniy May 22, 1852, and there he began a series of philosophic studies that resulted in the publication of three great books in which the thesis that man is the greatest manifestation of deity may be broadly accepted as the underlying thought of all. Emil inherited much from his father, and upon no theme does he speak with more reverence than upon that of his fath- er. Daily associated with a very learned and penetrating thinker, he absorbed the rudiments of a college education be- fore he reached his tenth year. In that home three languages were in daily use — French, German, and English. His moth- er spoke English fluently, having lived for a time in England previous to her marriage. In 1866 his father was called to the ministry of Congregation Keneseth Israel in Philadelphia, and the family came to this country. Emil continued his educa- tion at the Episcopal Academy in Philadelphia. Upon his graduation from the University of Pennsylvania in 1872, he went to Germany and studied at the University of Berlin, 1872-1876, and at Leipzig ; receiving the degree of Ph. D. at the latter. Philosophy and theology were his specialties. Then he attended the Jewish theological seminary in Berlin, where he came into intimate contact with some of the most eminent Jewish scholars of their generation, foremost among them being Leopold Zunz and Abraham Geiger, to whom the reform movement in Judaism owes its philosophic and his- torical basis. His high esteem of the profession of rabbi was an inheri- tance from his father. Dr. Samuel Hirsch exalted the profes- sion of rabbi high above that of any other vocation, and his illustrious son has enthroned it on the same lofty pinnacle. He who would aspire to the rabbinate must be inspired, first, with the zeal to know what Israel is dedicated to proclaim to the families of men; and second, with the moral courage to announce it. The teacher of Israel is by the very terms of his contract a scholar and an enthusiast, an idealist, burning with prophetic zeal to speak forth without fear. To equip a novi- tiate for the function and office of rabbi, scholarship is the unalterable prerequisite. The teacher of Israel must possess