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1857.] they are obtained. But that the blue particles are always merely larger particles does not seem admissible for a moment, inasmuch as violet or blue fluids may be obtained in which the particles will remain in suspension as long as in the ruby fluids; there is probably some physical change in the condition of the particles, caused by the presence of the salt and such affecting media, which is not a change of the gold as gold, but rather a change of the relation of the surface of the particles to the surrounding medium.

When salt is added in such quantity as to produce it effect in a short time, it is seen that the gold reflexion of the particles is quickly diminished, so that either as a general turbidness or by the cone of rays it becomes less visible; at last the metal contracts into masses, which are comparatively so few and separate, that when shaken up in the fluid, they confer little or no colour or character, either by reflected or transmitted light. In these cases no resolution of the metal is effected, for neither the salt nor hydrochloric acid, when used in like manner, has any power to redissolve the gold. The same aggregating effect is shown with all the fluids whatever their colour, and also with the deposits that settle down from them. When salt is added to the solution of gold before the phosphorus, and therefore before the reduction of the gold, the fluid first produced is always ruby; but it becomes violet, purple, or blue, with a facility in proportion to the quantity of salt present. If that be but small, the ruby will remain for many days unchanged in colour, and the violet-ruby for many weeks, before the gold will be deposited, the degree of dilution or concentration always having its own particular effect, as betbre described; the more finely divided preparations, i. e. the ruby and amethystine, appear to be more permanent than when the salt is added after the separation of the gold.

Many other bodies besides salt have like action on the particles of gold. A ruby fluid is changed to or towards blue by solutions of chlorides of calcium, strontium, manganese; sulphates of magnesia, manganese, lime; nitrates of potassa, soda, baryta, magnesia, manganese; acetates of potassa, soda, and lime; these effect the change freely: the sulphate of soda, phosphates of soda and potassa, chlorate of potassa, and acetate of ammonia acted feebly. Sulphuric and hydrochloric acids