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1857] and then gradually heated in a muffle not higher than is necessary, an excellent result is obtained. The gold is then of a uniform pale brown colour by common observation; but when examined by a lens, and an oblique light, all the mottle of the original leaf appears. It adheres but very slightly to the rock crystal, and yet can bear the application of the pressure now to be described.

When gold rendered colourless by annealing is subjected to pressure, it again becomes of a green colour. I find a convex surface of agate or rock-crystal having a radius of from a quarter to half an inch very good for this purpose, the metal having very little tendency to adhere to this substance. The greening is necessarily very imperfect, and if examined by a lens it will be evident that the thinner parts of the film are rarely reached by the pressure, it being taken off by the thicker corrugations; but when reached they acquire a good green colour, and the effect is abundantly shown in the thicker parts. At the same time that the green colour is thus reproduced, the quantity of light transmitted is diminished, and the quantity of light reflected is increased. When the gold-leaf has been heated on glass in a muffle, it generally adheres so well as to bear streaking with the convex rock-crystal, and then the production of the redacting surface and the green transmission is very striking. In other forms of gold film, to be described hereafter, the greening effect of pressure (which is general to gold) is still more strikingly manifested, and can be produced with the touch of a card or a finger. In these cases, and even with gold-leaf, the green colour reproduced can be again taken away by heat, to appear again by renewed pressure.

As to the essential cause of this change of colour, more investigation is required to decide what that may be. As already mentioned, it might be thought that the gold-leaf had run up into separate particles. If it were so, the change of colour by division is not the less remarkable, and the case would fall into those brought together under the head of gold fluids. On the whole, I incline to this opinion; but the appearance in the microscope, the occurrence of thin films of gold acting altogether like plates and yet not transmitting a green ray until they are pressed, and their action on a polarized ray of light, throw doubts in the way of such a conclusion.