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1829.] time that it has that degree of fusibility, colour, and other properties, which makes it a very promising variety.

102. The hardness increases with the diminution of the oxide of lead; but the fuasibility diminishes in the same proportion; and this is a property which it is essential to preserve to a certain degree for the removal of striæ and bubbles. The borate of lead is so fusible as to soften and lose its form under the surface of boiling oil. The silicated borate, and the glass consisting of the proportions above mentioned, are quite fusible enough to allow of the processes necessary for the removal of striæ and bubbles.

103. The fusibility of these glasses, and of glass generally, must- not be confounded with their relative tendency to soften by elevation of temperature. It is not that glass which softens first, that becomes most fluid at a certain given high temperature; for glasses, like other substances, vary in their readiness to pass into the fluid state. Hence it has often occurred amongst the variety of compositions tried for glasses, that when the resulting substances have been placed side by side on platinum foil, and heated, that which first softened did not when heated highly become so fluid as some other specimens that longer resisted the first impression of heat. It has, however, always been found that those glasses which when subjected to a rising temperature, most slowly passed from the solid to the fluid state, were also those which when subjected to long annealing processes, were least liable to assume a crystalline structure; and thus very useful indications of the probable qualities of compounds under investigation were often obtained.

104. A most important consideration relative to the application of these glasses to the construction of telescopes, is their liability to change and injury by the action of substances usually occurring in an ordinary atmosphere. When the value of a good object-glass is considered, frequently amounting to many hundred pounds, this point will be thought of no little consequence; and when it is known that even flint and plate glass are frequently injured in this way, a little anxiety for the capability of resistance in the heavy glasses may readily be allowed, since they contain so much less of the substance (silica) which confers the power of resistance, and so much