Page:Experimental researches in chemistry and.djvu/292

1829.] light; and if two plates 8 or 10 inches long, one of the yellow heavy glass and the other of crown glass, be looked through edgeways, it will be seen in a moment that the crown glass intercepts by far the most light. The colour of the glass is of no consequence, otherwise than as causing a loss of light from interception; for the tinge which is cast over objects looked at through a telescope constructed with it is scarcely perceptible to the most acute eye, and quite unimportant. When to these circumstances is added the reasonable expectation entertained of removing a large proportion of the little remaining colour by the use of purified silica (21), it need not be anticipated that experience will prove the glass faulty in this respect.

100. There is one very important action of the glass upon light, however, which may perhaps interfere more with its application, in telescopes at least, than any other, i. e. its reflective power. This is very strong in all the heavy glasses, far stronger than in flint, and exceedingly surpassing the similar power of crown glass. It is in proportion, as might have been expected, to the refractive power and the density of the glasses, all these properties increasing with the oxide of lead. The loss of light occasioned by the reflexion from the two surfaces of a plate through which a ray is passed, appears to me to be greater than from the united action of both colour and bubbles in a piece of glass 7 inches thick.

I endeavoured to ascertain the comparative quantities of light reflected by these heavy and other glasses, in some photo metrical experiments made upon the principle of similar shadows, measuring only the reflexion from the first surface of the different glasses, that from the second surface being destroyed. The ray was made incident in all the cases at an angle of 4-5°. It was obtained from a small single-wicked lamp, a; and when reflected, its intensity was measured by the distance of a similar lamp, b, whose direct light cast the comparative shadow. The uniformity of the two lights, or at least of their relation to each other, was established by trials before and after the experiments with the reflecting surfaces, and each surface was tried two or three times, at intervals, and in a mixed manner; so that no anticipation of the result could in any case bias the mind. The following Table shows the results, small decimals being neglected:—