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1829.] quantity of lateral brick-work to be heated, it is usually many hours before the sides of the chamber are so hot, that the tray and its contents have attained their highest temperature. At the same time it must be understood that the heat of the glass is very much governed, especially at the early part of an experiment, by the number of tray-covers over it, and rises far more rapidly, and much higher, with two or three covers than with one.

65. Perhaps the glass may with propriety he examined once, early in the experiment, for the purpose of ascertaining that the tray and its contents are safe; but usually it is left for six or eight, or a greater number of hours, that the whole may fuse, the temperature rise, and the bubbles escape. When the glass is to be examined, the tile and iron covers are to be removed from over that half of the chamber containing it, by which, consequently, the tray-covers are exposed; these are next to be carefully raised, one by one, using the iron instrument before described, for the purpose (61), and, as they are removed, are to be carefully put into the further part of the chamber, which still remains covered, where they will be retained in a heated state. This prevents their cracking and falling to pieces, as they would do if brought into the open air. If the experiment, and consequently the covers, are upon so large a scale that the latter cannot all be placed in this situation, then the exterior ones may be placed upon the top of the heated covers and tiles; but the particular cover, which immediately encloses the glass, being of great importance, must be put into the further safe part of the furnace, that it may be carefully preserved from injury, and ready to be replaced over the glass with the least possible disturbance.

66. The moment the last cover is removed, the glass is exposed to any falling substance from the iron plates, or tiles, or other sources, so that extreme attention is required at such times to keep the place free from dust, and to perform every requisite operation as quietly as possible. The current of hot air which rises from the chamber, ascending and striking against the ceiling, frequently causes, by change of temperature and mechanical agitation, the separation of small particles of matter, which, descending, cause risk of injury to the glass; for which reason it may sometimes be needful to have a temporary