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254 be helped, but always to make the largest plate upon it for which it is competent. Then, when operated with a second or third time, smaller gauges may be used, and the folds will not be repeated in the same place; and if injury occur to the metal, being generally at the sides of the tray, the middle part will still be left for the preparation of smaller plates of glass.

If such large plates of platinum are required for trays as can hardly be rolled at once, there is no difficulty in making a folded joint and rendering it tight by soldering with gold.

44. A kind of furnace, unlike the former, is now required for the completion of the glass, and its delivery in the state of an annealed plate. This furnace shall be described accurately in the Appendix. It may here be sufficient to state that it consists of a fire-place in which coals are burnt; of a part beyond, acting both as furnace and flue, in which coke is used; and of a chamber above, to be heated by the fire, though out of the course of both flame and smoke. It is in this chamber that the glass is made; so that, by the arrangement adopted, at the same time the substances are fused and access for stirring allowed, the essential condition of excluding impurity or reducing matter is also fulfilled.

45. The tire-place itself is of the ordinary construction, and fed with fuel by an aperture in front in the usual way. I have found abundant reason to be satisfied that the passage of steam beneath the bars of the grate is of considerable use; for which reason an iron trough charged with water occupies the lower part of the ash-pit. The bars are by this arrangement preserved very cool and do not burn away; they are easily kept open and clear of clinkers; the free passage of air to the fire is permitted; and the action of the furnace retained at a high point for any number of hours together.

46. That part of the furnace beneath the chamber requires peculiar and careful arrangement; for at the same time that such a heat as will soften the neighbouring materials is produced there, the bottom of the chamber in its softened state and charged with several pounds of materials, has to be firmly supported for many hours together without change of position.

47. The coke necessary in this part is introduced by two or more holes in the side of the furnace, which, when necessary, are stopped by bricks. The bottom of the chamber is