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 76 THE EXPRESSION OE IDEAS BY MANUAL SIGNS: A SIGN LANGUAGE.

Fig. 39. Turkey-bustard. — Similar movement to preceding. The bird's head is here expressed by the open hand and extended digits in a vertical median plane ; the hand is fixed in a flexed position with wrist. Mit.

Fig. 40. Turkey-bustard — Similar movement to preceding. The hand is held in similar position as Fig. 39, but the ingers are flexed into palm, with thumb — the beak — uppermost. "Woo., Goa.

Fig. 41. Pelican (Pelicanus conspicillatus). — The closely apposed hands in a more or less cupped position are placed horizontally with theballs of the thumbs just touching the chin : the large lower " bill." (P.P.), Bo., (Kal.), (Mit.J, Woo., Goa.

Fig. 42. Pelican. — The same distinctive feature represented by the fingers twisted one behind the other. (P.P.), (Bo.), Ula., (Kal.), (Mit.).

Fig. 43. Pelican. — Fingers semi-flexed, and fixed wrist; rapid rotation in- wards, with simultaneous movement of forearm slightly forwards and inwards. The idea of the bill "ladling" up the water, Ac, in large quantities. P.P., (Bo.), (Ula.), Won., Wal., Und., (Kal), (Mit.).

Fig 44. Cockatoo, galah, parrot, Sfo. — Fingers closely apposed and flexed — the upper beak : the idea of a fop-knot is expressed by the subsequent sudden extension and separation of the digits. (P.P.), (Bo.), (Ula.), (Won), (Wal.), Und., (Kal.), (Mit.).

Fig. 45. Cockatoo, galah, parrot, Sfc. — The beak is here indicated by the hooked forefinger tapping upon the upper gums or incisors. P.P., Bo., (Ula.), Won., Wal, (Und.), (Kal.), (Mit.), Woo., Goa.

Fig. 46. Buck. — The forefinger is brushed horizontally in front of the mouth. Two interpretations of this ideagram have been given me : one, expressive of the flattened and wide bill ; the other, indicative of the method of its capture by means of a slip-noose (sect. 140). Woo., Goa.

Fig. 47. Black crow (Corvus). — Fingers all clawed and separate: a swift rotatory movement at wrist: the idea of digging up the earth for offal, &c. {see Fig. 183). P.P., Won., Wal.

Fig. 48. Diver-hird, " shag," Sfc. : anything that dives, to dive. — The move- ment of diving down into the water, and out again, is evident. P.P., Bo., Ula., Won., Wal., Und., Kal.

Fig. 49. Native Companion (Grus australiasianus). — Flexion at wrist : the forefinger represents the long-necked head and beak of the bird moving vertically down into the water. P.P., (Bo.), Ula., Won., AVal., Und., (Kal.), (Mit.).

Fig. 50. Native Companion. — The neck and beak is here signified by fore and middle fingers, the former overlapped : movement similar to preceding. Kal.

Fig. 51. Large Spoon-hill (Platylea). — The finger, again giving the idea of head and beak as in Fig. 49, is now moved from side to side, at the elbow, in imitation of the bird's habit. P.P., (Bo.), Ula., Won., Wal., Und., (Kal.), Mit.

Fig. 52. Large Spoon-bill. — The two first fingers are put to the mouth, and moved forwards and downwards : the bird's flattened beak. (P.P.), Bo, (Kal.), (Mit.).

77. Reptiles. — Beyond the meaning of the quick side-to-sido oscillatory or vibratory movements from elbow, with fixed wrist — the indication for rapidity of speed — with which the ideagrams for lizards, iguanas, <fcc., in Figs. 58, 54, 55 are executed, it is diflicult to recognise anything characteristic unless it be in the long snout or tail. {Cf. the movements of these three with those of fish in Figs. 64-67.) In Fig. 56 is a representation of the clumsy, wobbling, twisted, side-to- side gait of the limbs in one of the larger varieties of iguana. Snakes in general are expressed by the forearm with closed hand in imitation of the body and head respectively, as'in Figs. 57, 59, 60: the position of the hand in the last-mentioned shows the characteristic movement of the animal's head protruding from out the surface when crossing water. In Fig. 58 the same reptile is indicated with the finger only, the simultaneous movements of the wrist and ai'm mimicking, its